Chp 3 - Building Programming

Question 1

Secondary spaces are referred to as_such as mechanical rooms, circulation, stairways, elevator and mechanical shafts,

Answer 1

Unassigned Area

Question 2

the sum of the net area (Assignable Area) + the Unassigned Area

Answer 2

Gross Building Area

Question 3

the ratio of Assignable Area & Unassigned Area

Answer 3

Net-to-Gross Ratio (aka, EFFICIENCY)

Question 4

consist of a series of space or buildings that are placed in a single line

Answer 4

Linear Organization

Question 5

with two or more major linear segments about which space or buildings are placed.

Answer 5

Axial Plans

Question 6

two sets of regularly spaced parallel lines, which create one pattern that is very strong and one that is quite flexible.

Answer 6

Grid Systems

Question 7

is based on one space or point about which secondary elements are placed.

Answer 7

Central Organization

Question 8

When more than one linear organization extends from a centralized point.

Answer 8

Radial Organization

Question 9

are loose compositions of spaces or buildings related around a path, axis, or central space, or they are simply grouped together.

Answer 9

Clustered Organization

Question 10

primary ways of organizing spaces, buildings, and groups of buildings.

Answer 10

Circulation Patterns

Question 11

is the simplest and one of the most flexible circulation patterns. Spaces are laid out along a straight path that connects two major elements at the ends.

Answer 11

Dumbbell Layout (Linear)

Question 12

very efficient also it provides a double loaded corridor and automatically makes a continuous exit way.

Answer 12

Doughnut Configuration

Question 13

consists of a network of paths with no strong direction. There are major paths with secondary routes extending from or connecting the primary routes.

Answer 13

Field Pattern

Question 14

is a design consideration that involves a variety of concepts

Answer 14

Flexibility

Question 15

is the capacity of a building to be easily enlarged or added onto as needs change or growth occurs.

Answer 15

Expansibility

Question 16

allows an existing building or space to be changed according to a new use

Answer 16

Convertibility

Question 17

means the ability to use the same space for a variety of uses in order to make maximum use of limited space.

Answer 17

Versatility

Question 18

Sometimes the net area is referred to as (individual areas taken together that make up the net area of a facility EXCLUDING the general circulation and support spaces like Mechanical rooms etc.)

Answer 18

Net Assignable Area

Question 19

is a term created by Edward T. Hall to describe the interrelated observations and theories of humans’ use of space as a specialized elaboration of culture. It deals with the issue of spacing between people, territoriality, organization of space, and positioning of people in space, all relative to the culture of which they are a part.

Answer 19

Proxemics

Question 20

can be thought of as a particular place, with definable boundaries and objects within the place, in which a standing pattern of behavior occurs at a particular time.

Answer 20

Behavior Setting

Question 21

refers to the need to lay claim to the spaces we occupy and the things we own.

Answer 21

Territoriality

Question 22

people need to arrange the environment to reflect their presence and uniqueness.

Answer 22

Personalization

Question 23

individual systems and materials are reviewed to see if the same function can be accomplished in a less expensive way

Answer 23

Value Engineering

Question 24

is the money required to construct the building, including structure, exterior cladding, finishes, and electrical and mechanical systems.

Answer 24

Building Cost

Question 25

costs that include parking, drives, fences, landscaping, exterior lighting, and sprinkler systems.

Answer 25

Site Development

Question 26

include furniture, accessories, window coverings, and major equipment necessary to put the facility into operation.

Answer 26

Moveable Equipment (& furnishings)

Question 27

are architectural and engineering fees as well as costs for such things as topographic surveys, soil tests, special consultants, appraisals and legal fees, and the like.

Answer 27

Professional Services

Question 28

a matrix is drawn showing, along one side, the various alternatives and , along the other side, the individual elements that combine to produce the total cost for the alternatives.

Answer 28

Matrix Costing

Question 29

is the cost to run a contracting business, and involves office rent, secretarial help, heat, and other recurring costs.

Answer 29

General Overhead

Question 30

is the money it takes to complete a particular job, not including labor, materials, or equipment. Temporary offices, project telephones, sanitary facilities, trash removal, insurance, permits, and temporary utilities are examples of _________ _________.

Answer 30

Project Overhead

Question 31

is the last item a contractor adds onto an estimate and is listed as a percentage of the total of labor, materials, equipment, and overhead.

Answer 31

Profit

Question 32

during this phase, the general layout of the project is developed along with preliminary alternate studies for materials and building systems.

Answer 32

Schematic Design

Question 33

here, the decisions made during SD are refined and developed in more detail. Preliminary or outline specifications are written, and a more detailed cost budget is made.

Answer 33

Design Development (DD)

Question 34

includes final working drawings, project manual, any bidding and contract documents

Answer 34

Construction Documents

Question 35

includes obtaining bids from several contractors and analyzing them or negotiating a contract with one contractor.

Answer 35

Bidding (Negotiation Phase)

Question 36

is the most common method used to schedule both design and construction, the various activities of the schedule are listed along the vertical axis. Each activity is given a starting and finishing date, and overlaps are indicated by drawing the bars for each activity so that they overlap.

Answer 36

Bar Chart (Gantt Chart)

Question 37

chart graphically depicts all the tasks required to complete a project, the sequence in which they must occur, their duration, the earliest or latest possible starting time, and the earliest of critical tasks: those tasks that must be started and finished exactly on time if the total schedule is to be met.

Answer 37

CPM (Critical Path Method)

Question 38

this method overlaps the design and the construction phases of a project. Ordering of long-lead materials and equipment can occur, and work on the site and foundations can begin before all the details of the building are completely worked out.

Answer 38

Fast-Track Scheduling

Question 39

is an attempt to define the problem and establish all the guidelines and needs on which the design process can be based.

Answer 39

Programming

Question 40

One popular programming method uses a five-step process in relationship to four major considerations. It is described in ______ _______ by William Pena (john Wiley & Sons, 2001).
The process involves establishing goals, collecting, and analyzing facts, uncovering and testing concepts, determining needs, and stating the problem. All of these steps include the considerations of form, function, economy, and time.

Answer 40

Problem Seeking

Question 41

indicate what the client wants to achieve and why.

Answer 41

Goals

Question 42

describe the existing conditions and requirements of the problem.

Answer 42

Facts

Question 43

relates to the site, the physical and psychological environment of the building, and the quality of construction.

Answer 43

Form

Question 44

relates to the people and activities of the space or building and their relationships

Answer 44

Fuction

Question 45

concerns money, the initial cost of the facility, operating costs, and life-cycle costs.

Answer 45

Economy

Question 46

describes the ideas of past, present, and future as they effect the other three considerations. Ex. the required schedule for construction is often a time consideration, as is the need for expandability in the future.

Answer 46

Time

Question 47

abstract ideas about how to view and solve the clients performance problems

Answer 47

Programmatic Concepts

Question 48

are physical solutions to the clients problems and which reflect approaches to satisfying programmatic concepts.

Answer 48

Design Concepts