Chp 3 - Building Programming Flashcards
Secondary spaces are referred to as_such as mechanical rooms, circulation, stairways, elevator and mechanical shafts,
Unassigned Area
the sum of the net area (Assignable Area) + the Unassigned Area
Gross Building Area
the ratio of Assignable Area & Unassigned Area
Net-to-Gross Ratio (aka, EFFICIENCY)
consist of a series of space or buildings that are placed in a single line
Linear Organization
with two or more major linear segments about which space or buildings are placed.
Axial Plans
two sets of regularly spaced parallel lines, which create one pattern that is very strong and one that is quite flexible.
Grid Systems
is based on one space or point about which secondary elements are placed.
Central Organization
When more than one linear organization extends from a centralized point.
Radial Organization
are loose compositions of spaces or buildings related around a path, axis, or central space, or they are simply grouped together.
Clustered Organization
primary ways of organizing spaces, buildings, and groups of buildings.
Circulation Patterns
is the simplest and one of the most flexible circulation patterns. Spaces are laid out along a straight path that connects two major elements at the ends.
Dumbbell Layout (Linear)
very efficient also it provides a double loaded corridor and automatically makes a continuous exit way.
Doughnut Configuration
consists of a network of paths with no strong direction. There are major paths with secondary routes extending from or connecting the primary routes.
Field Pattern
is a design consideration that involves a variety of concepts
Flexibility
is the capacity of a building to be easily enlarged or added onto as needs change or growth occurs.
Expansibility
allows an existing building or space to be changed according to a new use
Convertibility
means the ability to use the same space for a variety of uses in order to make maximum use of limited space.
Versatility
Sometimes the net area is referred to as (individual areas taken together that make up the net area of a facility EXCLUDING the general circulation and support spaces like Mechanical rooms etc.)
Net Assignable Area
is a term created by Edward T. Hall to describe the interrelated observations and theories of humans’ use of space as a specialized elaboration of culture. It deals with the issue of spacing between people, territoriality, organization of space, and positioning of people in space, all relative to the culture of which they are a part.
Proxemics
can be thought of as a particular place, with definable boundaries and objects within the place, in which a standing pattern of behavior occurs at a particular time.
Behavior Setting
refers to the need to lay claim to the spaces we occupy and the things we own.
Territoriality
people need to arrange the environment to reflect their presence and uniqueness.
Personalization
individual systems and materials are reviewed to see if the same function can be accomplished in a less expensive way
Value Engineering
is the money required to construct the building, including structure, exterior cladding, finishes, and electrical and mechanical systems.
Building Cost
costs that include parking, drives, fences, landscaping, exterior lighting, and sprinkler systems.
Site Development
include furniture, accessories, window coverings, and major equipment necessary to put the facility into operation.
Moveable Equipment (& furnishings)
are architectural and engineering fees as well as costs for such things as topographic surveys, soil tests, special consultants, appraisals and legal fees, and the like.
Professional Services
a matrix is drawn showing, along one side, the various alternatives and , along the other side, the individual elements that combine to produce the total cost for the alternatives.
Matrix Costing
is the cost to run a contracting business, and involves office rent, secretarial help, heat, and other recurring costs.
General Overhead
is the money it takes to complete a particular job, not including labor, materials, or equipment. Temporary offices, project telephones, sanitary facilities, trash removal, insurance, permits, and temporary utilities are examples of _________ _________.
Project Overhead
is the last item a contractor adds onto an estimate and is listed as a percentage of the total of labor, materials, equipment, and overhead.
Profit
during this phase, the general layout of the project is developed along with preliminary alternate studies for materials and building systems.
Schematic Design
here, the decisions made during SD are refined and developed in more detail. Preliminary or outline specifications are written, and a more detailed cost budget is made.
Design Development (DD)
includes final working drawings, project manual, any bidding and contract documents
Construction Documents
includes obtaining bids from several contractors and analyzing them or negotiating a contract with one contractor.
Bidding (Negotiation Phase)
is the most common method used to schedule both design and construction, the various activities of the schedule are listed along the vertical axis. Each activity is given a starting and finishing date, and overlaps are indicated by drawing the bars for each activity so that they overlap.
Bar Chart (Gantt Chart)
chart graphically depicts all the tasks required to complete a project, the sequence in which they must occur, their duration, the earliest or latest possible starting time, and the earliest of critical tasks: those tasks that must be started and finished exactly on time if the total schedule is to be met.
CPM (Critical Path Method)
this method overlaps the design and the construction phases of a project. Ordering of long-lead materials and equipment can occur, and work on the site and foundations can begin before all the details of the building are completely worked out.
Fast-Track Scheduling
is an attempt to define the problem and establish all the guidelines and needs on which the design process can be based.
Programming
One popular programming method uses a five-step process in relationship to four major considerations. It is described in ______ _______ by William Pena (john Wiley & Sons, 2001).
The process involves establishing goals, collecting, and analyzing facts, uncovering and testing concepts, determining needs, and stating the problem. All of these steps include the considerations of form, function, economy, and time.
Problem Seeking
indicate what the client wants to achieve and why.
Goals
describe the existing conditions and requirements of the problem.
Facts
relates to the site, the physical and psychological environment of the building, and the quality of construction.
Form
relates to the people and activities of the space or building and their relationships
Fuction
concerns money, the initial cost of the facility, operating costs, and life-cycle costs.
Economy
describes the ideas of past, present, and future as they effect the other three considerations. Ex. the required schedule for construction is often a time consideration, as is the need for expandability in the future.
Time
abstract ideas about how to view and solve the clients performance problems
Programmatic Concepts
are physical solutions to the clients problems and which reflect approaches to satisfying programmatic concepts.
Design Concepts
