chp 29 seeded vascular plants and gymnosperms

Question 1

What is a seed?

Answer 1

an embryo with stored food inside

Question 2

Purpose of seed

Answer 2

also for dormancy in harsh conditions

Question 3

many seeds have secondary growth, what is this

Answer 3

growth in diameter as wood

Question 4

Wood

Answer 4

lignin reinforced xylem

Question 5

what are the 2 modern clades of seeded vascular plants?

Answer 5

gymnosperms and angiosperms

Question 6

Land Adaptations

Answer 6

1) reduced gametophyte (allows retention)
2) Heterospory (2 different kind of spores, most early plants homosporous, pollen grains from microspores (male), ovule from megospores (female)
3) Ovule produces egg (megaspore surrounded by integument
4) pollen development

Question 7

the evolutionary advantage of seeds

Answer 7

develops from the whole ovule, sporophyte embryo along with its food supply, packaged in a protective coat, may remain dormant. for days to years

Question 8

gymnosperms

Answer 8

naked seed

Question 9

what are the 4 major phyla for gymnosperms

Answer 9

Coniferophyta, Cycadophyta, Gingkophyta and Gnetophyta.

Question 10

Coniferophyta

Answer 10

cone bearers

Question 11

examples of coniferophyta

Answer 11

pines, spruces, firs, cedars, redwood

Question 12

mosy Coniferophyta are evergreen few are deciduous which means?

Answer 12

sheds leaves all at the same time

Question 13

oldest coniferophyta

Answer 13

bristlecone pine

Question 14

Conifer adaptations

Answer 14

tough, needle-like leaves, thick cuticles, sap, and recessed stomata, designed for life in cold areas, conserve water, no water for roots

Question 15

conifer protection

Answer 15

thick sap/resin protects leaves, trunks, and protects against insects and fungus

Question 16

uses for conifer

Answer 16

turpentine, wood harvested, cheaper furniture, string instruments

Question 17

why are conifers called softwoods

Answer 17

contain more xylem (bigger circles) then phloem (smaller circles), which makes it less rigid

Question 18

phylum cycadophyta

Answer 18

have large cones and palm-like leaves, thrived during Mesozoic

Question 19

the Only modern gymnosperm with flagellated sperm?

Answer 19

phylum cycadophyta

Question 20

phylum ginkophyta

Answer 20

single living species ginkgo Biloba, high tolerance to air pollution

Question 21

Where can you find alot of ginkgo Biloba trees?

Answer 21

urban ares

Question 22

phylum gnetophyta

Answer 22

species very greatly in appearance and ecology, and undergoes double fertilization

Question 23

what are the 3 genera of the phylum gnetophyta

Answer 23

gnetum, ephedra, welwitschia