chp 28 Bryophytes

Question 1

Evidence for plant evolution

Answer 1

evolved from charophytes

Question 2

what are charophytes?

Answer 2

an advanced type of protist that was a part of the division Chlorophyta

Question 3

important similarities between land plants and charophytes

Answer 3

both have chlorophyll a, b, & accessory pigments and the formation of phragmoplast

Question 4

most likely ancestor

Answer 4

chara (type of chlorophyte)

Question 5

clades of kingdom plantae

Answer 5

bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, seeded vascular plants

Question 6

4 major evolutionary events

Answer 6

1) protection and nourishment of the embryo (sporopollenin)
2) development of vascular tissue for growth
3) development of seeds for resistance and dispersal
4) flowers for reproductive structure, to attract pollinators, fruits arose`

Question 7

all plants have what two multicellular forms?

Answer 7

gametophyte and sporophyte

Question 8

Life cycle between sporophyte and gametophyte

Answer 8

sporo undergoes meiosis and forms spores, spore undergoes mitosis to form gameto, gameto forms gametes, gametes fuse to form zygote of sporo, 2 zygotes retained by female gameto

Question 9

which generation is more dominant

Answer 9

usually sporophyte, but depends on the plant

Question 10

which generation is most dominant in bryophytes?

Answer 10

gametophyte

Question 11

which generation is most dominant in all other groups?

Answer 11

sporophyte

Question 12

Bryophytes

Answer 12

seedless nonvascular plants (oldest lineage), found everywhere, very short, prefer wet damp areas, waxy cuticl

Question 13

3 major divisions in bryophytes

Answer 13

bryophyta, heptophyta, anthocerophyta

Question 14

Bryophyta

Answer 14

mosses

Question 15

Heptophyta

Answer 15

liverworts

Question 16

anthocerophyta

Answer 16

hornworts

Question 17

How do bryophytes absorb water and nutrients

Answer 17

no roots, absorb water and nutrients at surface

Question 18

why don’t bryophytes have true leaves?

Answer 18

because they do not have vascular tissue

Question 19

do bryophytes have stomata

Answer 19

yes, used for water conservation

Question 20

Bryophyte Anatomy

Answer 20

Capsule (holds the spores), seta (stalk that lifts up capsule), foot (anchor seta in place. These three combined make up the sporo

Question 21

Stalk

Answer 21

body of the gameto

Question 22

Rhizoids

Answer 22

anchor moss to a substrate, function similar to holdfast

Question 23

why will Bryophyta remain small?

Answer 23

because they have flagellated sperm which need water that is at the base and the taller it is the farther away the sperm is form that water. They do not have vascular or structural tissue support to hold them up right if they were taller.

Question 24

Bryophyta Life Cycle

Answer 24

mature gameto produce flagellated sperm in antheridia and an egg in each archegonium. The sperm will swim through the film of water to reach and fertilize egg.

Question 25

What are bryophytes used for?

Answer 25

breaks down bare rock and colonizer of the new environment

Question 26

where can you find a new environment?

Answer 26

Where volcanos have erupted or when a glacier recedes

Question 27

Peat moss

Answer 27

used as fuel, garden bedding, retains nitrogen in oil, indicator use