chp 28 seedless vascular plants Flashcards
major divisions of Seedless, Vascular Plants
lycophyta (club mosses and spike mosses), Pterophyta (ferns and horsetails)
More structurally and reproductively complex because why
because they have true roots, stems, leaves, lignin
what do roots do for the plant?
transport water and minerals and help anchor plant
What percent of modern plants are vascular
90%
Xylem
transport water and nutrients
Phloem
transport sugar and amino acids
Seedless vascular plants also have lignin which is what
wood
what are the leaves used for?
increase of surface area for sunlight and gasses
what are the two major types of leaves?
Microphylls and Megaphylls
Microphylls
single vein (came first)
Megaphylls
highly branched
Sporophylls
leaves modified with sporangia
Sori
clusters on the underside of sporangia
Stobilli
cone-like structures formed from sporophylls
Homosporous
most seedless vascular are this, meaning they have only 1 different type of spore that could be male or female. this develops into a bisexual gameto
Heterosporous species produce
megaspores (female gameto) and microspores (male gameto)
Division Lycophyta
usually moist environ, retains flagellated sperm which means its water dependant gameto
Is division lycophyta a true moss
no
1st to exhibit what type of vascular tissue?
xylem and phloem
Lycophyta Life cycle
similar setup, but sporo dominant and increased complexity, gameto tiny, often lives independently at surface, Strobilus same from equistem,
Division Pterophyta
true ferns, 12,000 species most of which live in the tropics, usually live in damp areas and grows horizontally (asexually) to drier areas using rhizomes
asexual reproduction can occur without ___
water
Division Pterophyta
true ferns, 12,000 species most of which live in the tropics, usually live in damp areas and grow horizontally (asexually) to drier areas using rhizomes
