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PM > Chp 2 > Flashcards

Chp 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Project managers should lead projects in isolation in order to truly serve the needs of the organization.

A

False;

cannot run projects in isolation.

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2
Q

Using a systems approach is critical to successful project management.

A

True

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3
Q

Systems analysis addresses the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining, and modifying a system.

A

False;

Systems management

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4
Q

Project managers and their teams must keep in mind the effects of any project on the interests and needs of the entire system or organization instead of focusing on the immediate concerns of the project.

A

True

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5
Q

When you separate business and organizational issues from project management planning, you do a better job of ensuring project success.

A

False;

integrate not seperate

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6
Q

According to the symbolic frame, the most important aspect of any event in an organization is not what actually happened, but what it means.

A

True

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7
Q

Most colleges and universities have very strong functional organizations.

A

True

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8
Q

An organization that uses a project organizational structure earns their revenue primarily from performing projects for other groups under contract.

A

True

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9
Q

Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from various functional areas working on their projects.

A

True

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10
Q

Most people believe that the underlying causes of many companies’ problems can be traced to its organizational structure.

A

False;

they are in the culture

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11
Q

The same organization can have different subcultures.

A

True

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12
Q

Project work is most successful in an organizational culture where activities are organized around individuals.

A

False;

not Individuals> group work

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13
Q

An organizational culture with strong unit integration makes the project manager’s job more difficult.

A

False;

easier

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14
Q

Internal stakeholders include groups affected by the project such as government officials or concerned citizens.

A

False;

External

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15
Q

Project managers must take adequate time to identify, understand, and manage relationships with all project stakeholders.

A

True

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16
Q

The best way to sustain a project is to withhold the required money, human resources, and visibility for the project.

A

False;

kill not sustain

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17
Q

Project managers must have cooperation from people in other parts of the organization.

A

True

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18
Q

Standards and guidelines to follow when performing project management must be devised by top management.

A

True

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19
Q

It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases.

A

False;

latter phases.

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20
Q

The last phase of the traditional project life cycle is the implementation phase.

A

False; close-out phase

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21
Q

The Adaptive Software Development (ASD) life cycle model assumes that software development follows an adaptive approach because the requirements cannot be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.

A

True

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22
Q

An organization usually commits more money as a project continues, therefore a management review should occur after each phase to evaluate progress, potential success, and continued compatibility with organizational goals.

A

True

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23
Q

The nature of hardware development projects is more diverse than software-oriented projects.

A

False;

The nature of software development projects is even more diverse than hardware-oriented projects

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24
Q

The team members of a virtual team are all of the same nationality.

A

False; A virtual team is a group of people who work together despite time and space boundaries using communication technologie

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25
Q

Leadership style has no impact on the success of virtual teams.

A

False; affects all teams, especially virtual ones

26
Q

Projects must operate in a broad organizational environment, and project managers need to consider projects within the greater organizational context. _____ describes this holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization.

A

Systems thinking

27
Q

_____ refers to a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of a system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs.

A

Systems Analysis

28
Q

The symbolic perspective of an organization:

A

focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.

29
Q

The _____ perspective of an organization focuses on different groups’ roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management.

A

structural frame

30
Q

The _____ frame of an organization focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people.

A

human resources

31
Q

The _____ perspective on organizations assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups.

A

political frame

32
Q

Grey’s Infotech sells customized hardware and software solutions for businesses. The salespeople for Grey’s have a strict dress code when meeting clients. They are required to wear dark business suits, in order to convey the company’s dedication to quality. The meaning conveyed to the clients’ through the salespeople’s clothing is part of the _____ frame of the organization.

A

symbolic

33
Q

In Rizzati Corp, vice presidents in departments such as engineering, manufacturing, IT, and human resources report directly to the chief executive officer and undertake their tasks independently of each other. The staffs of these departments have specialized skills in their respective disciplines.Rizatti Corp can be said to have a _____ organizational structure.

A

functional

34
Q

In a _____organizational structure, program managers, rather than functional managers or vice presidents, report to the CEO. Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete all required tasks within their programs.

A

Project

35
Q

In a _____ organizational structure, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers.

A

Matrix

36
Q

Project managers have the most authority in a pure _____ organizational structure.

A

Project

37
Q

Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure _____ organizational structure.

A

Functional

38
Q

Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure?

A

In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.

39
Q

_____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization.

A

Organizational culture

40
Q

The _____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management’s decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization.

A

people focus

41
Q

_____ refers to the degree to employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession.

A

Member identity

42
Q

_____ refers to the degree to which departments within an organization are encouraged to coordinate with each other.

A

Unit integration

43
Q

In organizational culture, people focus refers to _____

A

the degree to which management ’s decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization

44
Q

In organizational culture, means-end orientation refers to _____.

A

the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results

45
Q

____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment.

A

Open-systems focus

46
Q

In organizational culture, control refers to _____.

A

the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior

47
Q

_____ are an example of external stakeholders for an organization.

A

Competitors

48
Q

A(n) _____ refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project.

A

deliverable

49
Q

Which of the following is true of the project life cycle?

A

In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.

50
Q

The first two traditional project phases (concept and development) focus on planning, and are often referred to as _____.

A

project feasibility

51
Q

A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the _____ phase of the project life cycle, and an overview of the work involved is created.

A

concept

52
Q

In the development phase of the project life cycle:

A

the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS.

53
Q

In the _____ phase, the project team creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate, delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders.

A

implementation

54
Q

The _____ model of a systems development life cycle assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined.

A

waterfall life cycle

55
Q

The _____ model of a systems development life cycle provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities.

A

incremental build life cycle

56
Q

In the _____ model, developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously.

A

prototyping life cycle

57
Q

The _____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype, using tools such as computer-aided software engineering, joint requirements planning, and joint application design to facilitate rapid prototyping and code generation.

A

RAD life cycle

58
Q

Which of the following best describes a kill point in the project life cycle?

A

A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated

59
Q

Which of the following is a disadvantage of virtual teams as compared to traditional teams?

A

Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information

60
Q

Which of the following best describes outsourcing?

A

An organization’s acquisition of goods and services from an outside source

61
Q

Which of the following is true of virtual teams?

A

It is important to select team members carefully.

62
Q

Which of the following is true of the agile approach to software development?

A

In the agile method, requirements and

solutions evolve through collaboration.

PM (11 decks)

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