Chp 17 - Glycolysis / TCA / ETC OVERVIEW Flashcards
What is cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is the release of energy from molecules such as glucose accompanied by the use of this energy to synthesize ATP molecules
- Aerobic – requires O2
- Gives off CO2
What are the phases of cellular respiration
Phases of Cellular Respiration
- Glycolysis (Cytoplasm)
- Preparatory Reaction (Mitochondria)
- Citric Acid Cycle (Mitochondria)
- Electron Transport Chain (Mitochondria)
Expalain the 3 important stages of cellular respiration
There are 3 important stages of celluar respiration:
- Glycolysis: Glucose is split into two molecules called pyruvate and 2 ATP molecules are generate per molecule of glucose as well as 2 molecules of NADH. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and does not require oxygen.
- Krebs Cycle (also known as the Citric Acid Cycle): Uses the pyruvate molecules from Glycolysis to generate 2 ATP as well as several molecules of FADH2 and NADH for the electron transport chain. Krebs Cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix and requires oxygen.
- Electron transport chain (ETC): Using the NADH and FADH2 molecules formed during Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle, the electron transport chain creates a proton gradient that ultimately leads to the production of about 32 molecules of ATP. The ETC takes place in the mitochondrial matrix and requires oxygen.
What are the important players in cellular respiration?
Important Players in Cellular Respiration
Glucose: A simple, 6 carbon sugar that serves as the primary energy source in the body.
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate): The major energy currency of the cell. ATP is a high-energy molecule that stores and transports energy within cells.
NADH: High energy electron carrier used to transport electrons generated in Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle to the Electron Transport Chain.
FADH2: High energy electron carrier used to transport electrons generated in Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle to the Electron Transport Chain.
what is the structure of glucose
What is the formula for pyruvate?
Pyruvate or pyruvic acid
C3H4O3
What is the formula for glucose?
Glucose ————– C6H12O6
Explain aerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration - the process by which a cell uses O2 to “burn” molecules and release energy
The reaction:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 >> 6CO2 + 6H2O
What is the reaction of aerobic respiration
The reaction: C6H12O6 + 6O2 >> 6CO2 + 6H2O
The reaction of aerobic respiration takes place over the course of 3 major reaction pathways, what are these 3 major reaction pathways?
Aerobic respiration -
The reaction: C6H12O6 + 6O2 >> 6CO2 + 6H2O
This reaction takes place over the course of three major reaction pathways
- Glycolysis
- The Krebs Cycle
- Electron Transport Phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)
Explain where in the cell do the phases of cellular respiration occurs
Glycolysis (Cytoplasm)
Preparatory Reaction (Mitochondria)
Citric Acid Cycle (Mitochondria)
Electron Transport Chain (Mitochondria)
What is the net energy differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
Note differences -
anaerobic respiration - 2 ATP’s produced (from glycolysis),
aerobic respiration - 36 ATP’s produced (from glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and Oxidative Phosphorylation)
What is the net energy production for the entire process of aerobic respiration?
Net Engergy Production from Aerobic Respiration
Net Energy Production: 36 ATP!
What is the net energy production for each of the steps of aerobic respiration
Net Engergy Production from Aerobic Respiration
Glycolysis: 2 ATP
Krebs Cycle: 2 ATP
Electron Transport Phosphorylation: 32 ATP
- Each NADH produced in Glycolysis is worth 2 ATP (2 x 2 = 4) - the NADH is worth 3 ATP, but it costs an ATP to transport the NADH into the mitochondria, so there is a net gain of 2 ATP for each NADH produced in gylcolysis
- Each NADH produced in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl COA and Krebs Cycle is worth 3 ATP (8 x 3 = 24)
- Each FADH2 is worth 2 ATP (2 x 2 = 4)
- 4 + 24 + 4 = 32
** Net Energy Production: 36 ATP!**
What is the NET energy production of glycolysis?
Net Engergy Production from Aerobic Respiration
Glycolysis: 2 ATP