CHP 15 TREATMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS

Question 1

Biological therapies

Answer 1

medical approaches to disease/illness

perspective that mental disorders result from abnormalities in neural + biological processes

Question 2

Psychotherapy

Answer 2

formal psychological treatment (interactions between practitioner and client) aimed at changing patterns of emotion, thoughts, and behavior

Question 3

Psychopharmacology

Answer 3

use of medications that affect the brain or body functions

Question 4

Insight

Answer 4

the goal of psychoanalysis

Question 5

Psychoanalysis (early psychodynamic therapy)

Answer 5

treatment involved uncovering unconscious feelings and drives that gave rise to maladaptive thoughts and behaviors

techniques: free associatoin, dream analysis

Question 6

Psychodynamic therapy

Answer 6

approach in which therapists help clients identify their needs, defenses, and motives, in order to better understand the cause of their distress

Question 7

Behavior therapy

Answer 7

based on the idea that behavior is learned and can be unlearned through the use of classical and operant conditioning

learn through modeling

Question 8

Exposure

Answer 8

type of behavioral therapy treatment in which clients are repeatedly exposed to an anxiety-producing stimulus or situation

effective for psychological disorders that involve anxiety and fear (including OCD)

prolonged exposure is effective for PTSD

Question 9

Dopamine and behavioral therapy

Answer 9

dopamine-releasing neurons code prediction error (a dip in dopamine after the US doesn’t follow the CS weakens negative association)

Question 10

Cognitive therapy

Answer 10

distorted thoughts produce maladaptive behaviors and emotions, and treatments attempt to modify these thought patterns

Question 11

Cognitive restructuring

Answer 11

helping clients recognize and change maladaptive thought patterns

Question 12

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer 12

therapy that uses techniques from cognitive and behavioral therapies to change maladaptive behaviors and thought patterns

Question 13

Client-centered therapy

Answer 13

focus on empathy, encourages people to fulfill their individual potentials for personal growth through greater self-understanding

show unconditional positive regard for client

Question 14

Reflective listening

Answer 14

a technique in client-centered therapy in which the therapist repeats the client’s concerns to help the person clarify their feelings

Question 15

Motivational interviewing

Answer 15

a client-centered therapy technique that involves pointing out the positive changes in client through treatment

Question 16

Group therapy

Answer 16

advantageous because it provides members an opportunity to practice social skills and learn from each other’s experiences

Question 17

Psychotropic medications

Answer 17

drugs that affect mental processes
1. Anti-anxiety drugs
2. Anti-depressants
3. Antipsychotics
4. Mood stabilizers (lithium)
5. Anticonvulsants (for seizures)

Question 18

Anti-anxiety drugs

Answer 18

type of psychotropic med that is used to treat anxiety (commonly called tranquilizers) ex. Valium, Xanax

they INCREASE activity of GABA (which inhibits neural transmissions, induce drowsiness, and are highly addictive

Question 19

Antidepressants

Answer 19

type of psychotropic meds used to treat depression

have monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, tricyclics antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) that block the reuptake of serotonin and increase the activation of serotonin receptors in postsynaptic neurons

Question 20

Antipsychotics

Answer 20

type of psychotropic med used for treatment of disorders that involve psychosis (aka neurleptics)

side effect is tardive dyskinesia (involuntary twitching of muscles)

Question 21

Alternative biological treatments

Answer 21

Electroconvulsive therapy
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Deep brain stimulation

Question 22

Electroconvulsive therapy

Answer 22

a type of biological treatment in which a strong electrical current is administered to the patient’s brain to produce a seizure (disrupts nerulogical patterns)

Question 23

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Answer 23

a type of biological treatment in which a powerful electrical current produces a powerful magnetic field, which is switched off and on rapidly to induce an electrical current in the brain

Question 24

Single-pulse TMS

Answer 24

disruption of the brain activity occurs only during the brief period of stimulation

Question 25

Repeated TMS

Answer 25

multiple pulses of TMS occur over extended period which strengthens neurological patterns

Question 26

Deep brain stimulation (DBS)

Answer 26

electrodes are surgically implanted deep within the brain, then mild electricity is used to stimulate the brain at an optimal frequency and intensity

Question 27

Psychological treatment’s 3 distinguishing features from generic psychotherapy

Answer 27

1. treatments vary by psychological disorder and person’s specific psychological symptoms
2. treatment techniques have been developed in a lab by psychologists
3. treatment is based on evidence of its effectiveness

Question 28

Counterproductive treatments

Answer 28

scaring (kids from drugs, crimes, etc.)
using hypnosis to recover painful memories

Question 29

Treatment for anxiety

Answer 29

cognitive-behavioral therapy and anxiety-reducing drugs (sometimes)

Question 30

Treatment for specific phobias

Answer 30

behavioral techniques (systematic desensitization)

Question 31

Treatments for panic disorder

Answer 31

CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy)

cognitive restructuring (recognize irrationality of fear)

breaking connection between trigger symptom and resulting panic

Question 32

Treatments for OCD

Answer 32

CBT is most effective, can pair with antidepressants (they alone don’t work super well)

CBT: exposure and response prevention

Question 33

Antidepressant treatment

Answer 33

SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), they have fewer serious side effects than MAO and tricyclics

Question 34

Treatments for depression

Answer 34

CBT and antidepressants are equally effective, combining the two can be more effective

regular aerobic exercise

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is good for severely depressed

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), but needs repeated sesions

Question 35

Treatments for bipolar disorder

Answer 35

psychotropic med (especially LITHIUM which is a mood stabilizer)

Question 36

Lithium and side effects

Answer 36

a psychotropic medication that stabilizes mood. Side effects are thirst, tremors, excessive urination, memory problems. Works better for MANIA

Question 37

Antipsychotic teatments for Schizophrenia

Answer 37

atypical antipsychotics like Cloapine

Clozapine improves positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

it acts on receptors for dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and histamine

can have serious side effects related to heart problems and white blood cell count

Question 38

Psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia

Answer 38

social skills training

Question 39

Treatment for personality disorder

Answer 39

difficult because clients see their environment as the problem

for borderline personality disorder, use dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

Question 40

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

Answer 40

used to treat boerderlinen personality disorder that combines elements of behavioral and cognitive treatments with a mindfulness approach

Phase 1: change extreme behaviors
Phase 2: explore past traumas that may be the cause of the disorder
Phase 3: develop feelings of independence and self-respect

Question 41

Treatments for Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 41

wait until they’re 40 XD prevention is more promising than treatment