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PSY 1010 > CHP 13 PERSONALITY > Flashcards

CHP 13 PERSONALITY Flashcards

1
Q

Personality

A

the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine characteristics, behavior, and thought

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2
Q

Personality Trait

A

a pattern of thought, emotion, and behavior that’s relatively consistent over time and across situations

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3
Q

Genetic factors + development of personality

A

genetic influence accounts for about 1/2 the variance between individuals for all personality traits

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4
Q

Adoption studies

A

identical twins receive more-similar treatment than other siblings (is the treatment or genetics the reason their personalities are similar?)

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5
Q

Freud’s structural model of personality

A

Id (acts on pleasure)

Superego (internalized societal + parental standards)

Ego (mediates between supergo + id)

Not based on experimental data

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6
Q

Trait approach

A

an approach to studying personality that focuses on how individuals differ in personality dispositions (extremely shy<—->extremely outgoing)

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7
Q

Five-factor theory

A

Personality can be described using 5 factors:
1. Openness to experience (imaginitive v down-to-earth, variety v routine, etc.)
2. Conscientiousness (organized v disorganized, careful v careless)
3. Extraversion (social v retiring, fun-loving v sober)
4. Agreeableness (softhearted v ruthless, trusting v suspicious)
5. Neuroticism (worried v calm, insecure v secure, self-pitying v self-satisfied)

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8
Q

Behavioral Approach System (BAS)

A

The brain system involved in the pursit of incentives or rewards; the “go” system

Linked to extraversion

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9
Q

Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)

A

The brain system that’s sensitive to punishment and that might lead to danger or pain; the “stop” system

Linked to neuroticism

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10
Q

Extraverts

A

More motivated by rewards than by punishments

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11
Q

Neuroticism

A

Tend to become anxious in social situations in which they anticipate possible negative outcomes

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12
Q

Locus of control

A

personal beliefs about how much control people have over outcomes in their lives

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13
Q

Internal locus of control

A

People believe they bring about their own rewards

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14
Q

External locus of control

A

People believe rewards (and their personal fates) are a result of forces beyond their control

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15
Q

Bandura’s 3 factors that influence how a person acts

A
  1. Person’s environment
  2. Multiple person factors (characteristics, self-confidence, expectations)
  3. Behavior
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16
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

the theory that how personality is expressed can be explained by the interaction of environment, person factors, and behavior iteself

17
Q

Situationism

A

theory that behavior is determined by situations not personality traits

18
Q

Self-monitoring

A

how much a particular person tends to change to the situation

19
Q

Strong situations

A

tend to mask differences in personality because of the power of the social environment (ex. church, job interviews)

20
Q

Weak situations

A

tend to reveal differences in personalities (ex. one’s house, parks)

21
Q

Basic tendencies

A

traits determined largely by biological processes; very stable

22
Q

Characteristic adaptations

A

Adjustments to situational demands; tend to be somewhat consistent because they’re based on skills, habits, roles, etc.

23
Q

Idiographic approaches

A

person-centered approaches to studying personality; focus is on individual lives and how characteristics are integrated into unique persons

24
Q

Central traits

A

especially important for how individuals define themselves

25
Q

Secondary traits

A

considered less personally descriptive or not applicable

26
Q

Nomothetic approaches

A

approaches to assessing personality that focus on how common characteristics vary from person to person

27
Q

Projective measures

A

personality tests that examine unconscious processes by having people interpret ambiguous stimuli

28
Q

Rorschach inkblot test

A

person looks at apparently meaningless inkblot and describes what it appears to be

29
Q

Thematic apperception test (TAT)

A

a person is shown an ambiguous picture and is asked to tell a story about it

30
Q

Social comparison

A

tendency for people to evaluate their own actions, abilities, and beliefs by contrasting them with other people

31
Q

Social comparison with high self-esteem

A

make downward comparions

32
Q

Social comparison with low self-esteem

A

make upward comparisons

33
Q

self-serving bias

A

the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors

PSY 1010 (5 decks)

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