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PSY 1010 > CHP 11 HEALTH AND WELL BEING > Flashcards

CHP 11 HEALTH AND WELL BEING Flashcards

1
Q

Health psychology

A

the application of psychological priniciples to promote health and well-being

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2
Q

Well-being

A

a positive state that includes striving for optimal health and life satisfaction

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3
Q

Biopsychosocial model

A

model of health that combines the effect of biological, behavioral, and social factors on health and illness

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4
Q

top 5 causes of mortality

A
  1. heart disease
  2. cancer
  3. lung disease
  4. stroke
  5. accidents
    ALL CAUSED BY BEHAVIOR
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5
Q

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A

a ratio of body weight to height, used to measure obesity

asserts INCORRECTLY that the more obese people get, the higher the risk of death

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6
Q

2 issues with BMI

A

doesn’t take age, bone structure, sex, or body fat distribution into account

a clear relationship between BMI and health outcomes doesn’t exist except for the very obese

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7
Q

Body Shape Index (BSI)

A

takes into account the amount of one’s abdominal fat

BETTER MEASURE RELATED TO HEALTH

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8
Q

2 facts of overating in the US

A

large portion sizes, large variety of unhealthy foods

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9
Q

Social influences of body weight

A

friend group may influence body weight (friends agree implicitly what weight/behaviors are acceptable)

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10
Q

Genetic influence of obesity

A

obesity tends to run in families, some genes predispose to obesity

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11
Q

Benefits of exercise

A

builds self-confidence, helps in coping with stress, enhances the growth of new neurons and production of synaptic connections

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12
Q

Stress

A

a type of response that usually has an unpleasant state like anxiety or tension

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13
Q

Stressor

A

something in the environment that’s seen as threatening or demanding and produces stress

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14
Q

Coping response

A

attempt to avoid, escape from, or minimize a stressor

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15
Q

Eustress

A

stress of positive events

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16
Q

Distress

A

stress of negative events

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17
Q

Major life stressors

A

changes/disruptions that cause stress in central areas of life (having a baby)

18
Q

Daily hassles

A

small, day-to-day moments of stress and annoyances

19
Q

Student stress scale

A

300+ life change units=high risk for serious health change
150-299 units=50% are likely to have serious health change
<150 units=33% are likely to have serious health change

20
Q

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis

A

a body system involved in stress response by helping the body prepare to respond to the stressor

21
Q

Physiological effects of stress

A

affects organs after the stressor has been removed
childhood stress can lead to psychological disorders
excessive stress disrupts working + long-term memory

22
Q

Sympathetic division of the nervous system

A

prepares the body for action

23
Q

Parasympathetic system of the nervous system

A

returns the body to a resting state

24
Q

General adaptation syndrome

A

a consistent pattern of response to stress that consists of 3 parts:
1. Alarm stage
2. Resistance stage
3. Exhaustion stage

25
Q

Alarm stage

A

first stage of general adaptation syndrome; an emergency reaction that prepares the body to fight or flee

26
Q

Resistance stage

A

second stage of the general adaptation syndrome; when the body prepares for longer, sustained defense from the stressor

27
Q

Exhaustion stage

A

3rd stage of general adaptation syndrome; when various physiological and immune systems fail

28
Q

Men’s response to stressors

A

fight-or-flight: norepinephrine in the nervous system, epinephrine (adrenaline) and cortisol in the body

29
Q

Women’s response to stressors

A

Tend-and-befriend response: protect young and form social alliances rather than fight/flee

30
Q

Oxytocin

A

a hormone that’s important for moms in bonding to newborns and may encourage affiliation during social stress

31
Q

Stress affects the immune system

A

chronic stress decreases the ability of lymphocytes (white blood cells in the immune system) to fight off infection

32
Q

3 types of lymphocytes

A

b cells: produce antibodies that label foreign things as attackers

t cells: increases immune response and attacks intruders

natural killer cells: target viruses and tumors

33
Q

Stress and heart health

A

stress can cause heart problems in 3 ways:
1. stress coping behaviors are bad for health (smoking)
2. personality traits have negative social effects so the perosn doesn’t have social networks to deal with stress
3. negative personality traits and stress can have direct physiological effects on the heart

chronic stress causes overstimulation in the sympathetic nervous system which causes high blood pressure, elevated cortisol levels, buildup of fatty acids and plaque

34
Q

Type A Personalities

A

competitive, achievement-oriented, aggressiveness, hostility, restlessness, impatience with others, inability to relax

35
Q

Type B Personality

A

noncompetitive, relaxed, easygoing, accomodating behavior

36
Q

Coping categories

A

Emotion-focused coping
Problem-focused coping

37
Q

Emotion-focused coping

A

Trying to prevent an emotional response stressor. Typically SHORT TERM and less effective overall but can help when stress is extremely high

38
Q

Problem-focused coping

A

Taking direct steps to confront or minimize a stressor. MOST EFFECTIVE, but harder as stress gets higher

39
Q

Health benefits of positivity

A

higher levels of hope and curiosity reduce risk of disease, benefits the immune system

40
Q

Positive psychology

A

movement that emphasizes the strengths and virtues that help people thrive. its aim is to understand psychological well-being

41
Q

Buffering hypothesis

A

outside emotional support helps the recipient to better cope with stressful events

PSY 1010 (5 decks)

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