Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio Exam 4 > Chp 13.4-13.7 Pons, Medulla, Diencephalon, Cerebellum, Midbrain > Flashcards

Chp 13.4-13.7 Pons, Medulla, Diencephalon, Cerebellum, Midbrain Flashcards

1
Q

2 major features of medulla oblongata

A

olive and pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pyramids

A

contain tracts of motor fibers that originate in cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 components of medulla oblongata

A

autonomic centers, relay stations, nuclei associated with five cranial nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

olive

A

prominent olive-shaped bulge that follows the contours of the olivary nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

medulla oblongata

A 
all communication passes through here,
contains ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ascending tracts

A

sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

descending tracts

A

motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

autonomic centers

A

control vital functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

relay stations

A

located along sensory and motor pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pons

A

links the cerebellum with midbrain, diencephalon, cerebrum, medulla oblongata, spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 parts of pons

A

ascending and descending tracts, respiratory centers, reticular formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

reticular formation

A

loosely organized mass of gray matter, contains nuclei that regulate autonomic functions, extends from the medulla to midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

two primary functions of cerebellum

A

adjusting the postural muscles of the body

programming and fine-tuning movements controlled at the conscious and subconscious levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ataxia

A

result from trauma or stroke or drugs or alcohol
damage to cerebellum
affects muscle coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cerebellum

A

automatic processing center

monitors proprioceptive, visual, tactile, balance, auditory sensations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cerebellum anatomy

A

large anterior and posterior lobes
two hemispheres
covered by cerebellar cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

primary fissure

A

separates anterior and posterior lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

vermis

A

separates two hemipsheres

it is a narrow band of cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cerebellar cortex

A 
thin layer of gray matter
folia
less prominent than cerebral folds
inner granular layer
outer molecular layer
arbor vitae
cerebellar penduncles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

folia (leaves)

A

folds of the surface of cerebeller cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

outer molecular layer of cerebellar cortex

A

purkinje cells
receive input from 200,00 synapses (more than any other type of cell in brain)
relay motor commands
only axons leave the cortex are purkinje cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

arbor vitae

A

“tree of life”

branching array of white matter of the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cerebellar penduncles

A

collections of tracts
links the cerebellum with the brain stem, cerebrum and spinal cord
three on each side (superior, middle, inferior)

24
Q

superior peduncles

A

carries most of cerebellar output

25
middle peduncles
carries most cerebellar input
26
midbrain
most complex and integrative portion of the brainstem can direct complex motor patterns at the subconscious level influences level of activity in entire nervous system.
27
7 components of the midbrain
corpora quadrigemina, reticular activating system (RAS), red nucleus, substantia nigra, cerebral penduncles, tectum, tegmentum
28
2 parts of corpora quadrigemina
superior colliculus, inferior colliculus
29
corpora quadrigemina
two pairs of sensory nuclei located in the roof of the midbrain
30
superior colliculus
receives visual inputs from thalamus | controls reflex movements of eyes, head and neck in response to visual stimuli
31
inferior colliculus
receives auditory data from nuclei in medulla and pons | controls reflex movements of head, neck and truck in response to auditory inputs
32
substantia nigra
contains dark pigemented cells, adjust activity in the basal nuclei of the cerebrum damaged in a patient with Parkinson's Disease
33
cerebral penduncles
nerve fiber bundles on ventrolateral surfaces of midbrain contain descending fibers that: reach the cerebellum using pons carry voluntary motor commands from cerebral hemispheres
34
reticular activating system (RAS)
specialized part of the reticular formation stimulation of the RAS increases alertness. damage to the RAS produces unconsciousness
35
red nucleus
receives information from cerebrum and cerebellum | issues subconscious motor commands that affect upper limb position and muscle tone.
36
tectum
roof of the midbrain, region posterior to the cerebral aqueduct
37
tegmentum
region anterior to the cerebral aqueduct
38
3 regions of diencephalon
epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus
39
diencephalon
anterior limit marked by the anterior commissure
40
anterior commissure
tract that interconnects cerebral hemispheres and location of the optic chiasm
41
optic chiasm
where optic nerves connect to the brain
42
epithalamus
contains pineal gland roof of the diencephalon superior to the third ventricle anterior portion contains area of choroid plexus
43
pineal gland
endocrine structure that secretes melatonin (day-night cycle)
44
thalamus
final relay point for ascending sensory information that will be projected to the cerebral cortex acts as a filter each region contains nuclei that connect to specific regions of cerebral cortex
45
3 parts of thalamus
lateral geniculate nucleus, medial geniculate nucleus, interthalamic adhesion
46
lateral geniculate nucleus
receives visual information over the optic tract | sends signals to midbrain and occipital lobe
47
medial geniculate nucleus
relays auditory information from specialized receptors of the inner ear to auditory area in cerebral cortex
48
interthalamic adhesion
protection of gray matter extending into the third ventricle from the thalamus on either side no fibers cross midline absent in about 20% of brains
49
hypothalamus may be stimulated by
1. sensory information from the cerebrum, brainstem, and spinal cord 2. changes in the composition of the CSF and interstitial fluid 3. chemicals in the circulated blood (blood rapidly enters the hypothalamus, since there is no blood brain barrier)
50
4 hypothalamic nuclei
autonomic centers, preoptic area, suprachiasmatic nucleus, hormonal centers
51
automatic centers of hypothalamus
control cardiovascular and vasomotor centers of the medulla
52
preoptic area
regulates body temp by coordinating adjustments in blood flow and sweat gland activity
53
suprachiasmatic nucleus
coordinates day-night
54
hormonal centers
secreate chemical messengers to the anterior pituitary and produce two hormones released at the posterior pituitary
55
2 hypothalamus structures
infundibulum and mamillary bodies
56
infundibulum
narrow stalk extending inferiorly from the hypothalamus | connects the floor of the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland.
57
mammilary bodies
control feeding reflexes

Bio Exam 4 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions