Chp 13.10-13.12

Question 1

5 lobes of cerebrums

Answer 1

frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal, insula

Question 2

3 superficial landmarks of cerebrum

Answer 2

central sulcus, lateral sulcus, parieto-occipial sulcus

Question 3

central sulcus

Answer 3

deep groove dividing frontal lobe from parietal lobe

Question 4

precentral gyrus

Answer 4

contains primary motor cortex (controls voluntary movements)

Question 5

post central gyrus

Answer 5

contains primary sensory cortex

Question 6

lateral sulcus

Answer 6

neraly horizontal

separates frontal and parietal lobes from temporal lobe

Question 7

parieto-occipital sulcus

Answer 7

visible on medial surface

separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe

Question 8

6 specific functional regions of the cerebral cortex

Answer 8

motor cortex, sensory cortex, gustatory cortex, olfactory cortex, auditory cortex, visual cortex

Question 9

motor cortex

Answer 9

pyramidal cells, somatic motor association area

Question 10

somatic motor association area

Answer 10

responsible for coordination of learned movements

Question 11

sensory cortex

Answer 11

receives information from receptors for touch, pain, vibration, temperature
somatic sensory association area

Question 12

somatic sensory association area

Answer 12

monitors activity in primary sensory cortex

allows recognition of light touch

Question 13

gustatory cortex

Answer 13

located in the insula

receives information from taste receptors

Question 14

olfactory cortex

Answer 14

receives sensory information from olfactory (smell) receptors

Question 15

auditory cortex

Answer 15

primary auditory cortex and auditory association area

Question 16

primary auditory cortex

Answer 16

responsible for monitoring auditory information

Question 17

auditory association area

Answer 17

monitors sensory activity in auditory cortex
recognizes sounds (spoken words)

Question 18

visual cortex

Answer 18

primary visual cortex, visual association area

Question 19

primary visual cortex

Answer 19

receives visual information from lateral geniculate nucleus

Question 20

visual association area

Answer 20

monitors pattern of activity in visual cortex
interprets the results of that activity
ex: primary visual “sees” symbols c, a, t.
visual association area interprets that as “cat”

Question 21

4 integrative centers

Answer 21

speech center, prefrontal cortex, frontal eye field, general interpretive area.

Question 22

integrative centers

Answer 22

concerned with complex processes

restrictive to either right or left hemisphere

Question 23

speech center

Answer 23

Broca’s area
lies in the same hemisphere as the general interpretive area
regulates patterns of breathing and vocalization needed for normal speech

Question 24

prefrontal cortex

Answer 24

coordinates information relayed from association areas in cortex
performs abstract intellectual functions
ex: predicting consequences of an action

Question 25

frontal eye field

Answer 25

controls learned eye movements

ex: scanning lines of text

Question 26

general intrepretive area

Answer 26

Wernicke’s area
allows us to interpret what is read and heard
receives information from all sensory association areas
present in only one hemisphere (typically the left)
plays essential role in personality (via memories)

Question 27

hemispheric laterlization

Answer 27

regional specialization of each hemisphere

Question 28

left cerebral hemisphere

Answer 28

contains general interpretive and speech centers
responsible for language-based skills
premotor cortex controlling hand movements is larger on left side for right-handed people
important for analytical tasks

Question 29

right cerebral hemisphere

Answer 29

analyzes sensory information and relates the body to the sensory environment
interpretive centers enable identification of familiar objects by touch, smell, sight, taste, feel (dominant role in recognizing faces and 3D relationships)
important in analyzing emotional context of a conversation

Question 30

left handedness

Answer 30

9% of population
primary motor cortex of right hemisphere controls motor function for left hand
(Theory: primary motor cortex of right hemisphere controlling hand movement close to association areas involved with spatial visualization and emotion

Question 31

functional grouping of white matter

Answer 31

primary component of cerebral hemispheres interior

organized into groups that share common function

Question 32

3 fibers of white matter

Answer 32

association fibers, commissural fibers, projection fibers

Question 33

association fibers

Answer 33

interconnect areas of neural cortex within a single cerebral hemisphere
arcuate fibers
longitudinal fasciculi

Question 34

arcuate fibers

Answer 34

shortest association fibers

curve in an arc

Question 35

longitudinal fasciculi

Answer 35

longest association fibers bundled up

connect frontal lobe to other lobes of same hemisphere

Question 36

commissural fibers

Answer 36

connect the cerebral hemispheres
corpus callosum
anterior commissure

Question 37

corpus callosum

Answer 37

most important band of commissural fibers
allows communication and coordination between hemispheres
contains more than 200 milion axons carrying about 4 billion impulses per second

Question 38

anterior commissure

Answer 38

smaller tract of commissural fibers providing another route for communication between hemispheres

Question 39

projection fibers

Answer 39

link cerebral cortex to the diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord
all projection fibers pass through the diencephalon
internal capsule

Question 40

internal capsule

Answer 40

collection of ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) fibers