Chp 13.10-13.12 Flashcards
5 lobes of cerebrums
frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal, insula
3 superficial landmarks of cerebrum
central sulcus, lateral sulcus, parieto-occipial sulcus
central sulcus
deep groove dividing frontal lobe from parietal lobe
precentral gyrus
contains primary motor cortex (controls voluntary movements)
post central gyrus
contains primary sensory cortex
lateral sulcus
neraly horizontal
separates frontal and parietal lobes from temporal lobe
parieto-occipital sulcus
visible on medial surface
separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe
6 specific functional regions of the cerebral cortex
motor cortex, sensory cortex, gustatory cortex, olfactory cortex, auditory cortex, visual cortex
motor cortex
pyramidal cells, somatic motor association area
somatic motor association area
responsible for coordination of learned movements
sensory cortex
receives information from receptors for touch, pain, vibration, temperature
somatic sensory association area
somatic sensory association area
monitors activity in primary sensory cortex
allows recognition of light touch
gustatory cortex
located in the insula
receives information from taste receptors
olfactory cortex
receives sensory information from olfactory (smell) receptors
auditory cortex
primary auditory cortex and auditory association area
primary auditory cortex
responsible for monitoring auditory information
auditory association area
monitors sensory activity in auditory cortex recognizes sounds (spoken words)
visual cortex
primary visual cortex, visual association area
primary visual cortex
receives visual information from lateral geniculate nucleus
visual association area
monitors pattern of activity in visual cortex
interprets the results of that activity
ex: primary visual “sees” symbols c, a, t.
visual association area interprets that as “cat”
4 integrative centers
speech center, prefrontal cortex, frontal eye field, general interpretive area.
integrative centers
concerned with complex processes
restrictive to either right or left hemisphere
speech center
Broca’s area
lies in the same hemisphere as the general interpretive area
regulates patterns of breathing and vocalization needed for normal speech
prefrontal cortex
coordinates information relayed from association areas in cortex
performs abstract intellectual functions
ex: predicting consequences of an action
frontal eye field
controls learned eye movements
ex: scanning lines of text
general intrepretive area
Wernicke’s area
allows us to interpret what is read and heard
receives information from all sensory association areas
present in only one hemisphere (typically the left)
plays essential role in personality (via memories)
hemispheric laterlization
regional specialization of each hemisphere
left cerebral hemisphere
contains general interpretive and speech centers
responsible for language-based skills
premotor cortex controlling hand movements is larger on left side for right-handed people
important for analytical tasks
right cerebral hemisphere
analyzes sensory information and relates the body to the sensory environment
interpretive centers enable identification of familiar objects by touch, smell, sight, taste, feel (dominant role in recognizing faces and 3D relationships)
important in analyzing emotional context of a conversation
left handedness
9% of population
primary motor cortex of right hemisphere controls motor function for left hand
(Theory: primary motor cortex of right hemisphere controlling hand movement close to association areas involved with spatial visualization and emotion
functional grouping of white matter
primary component of cerebral hemispheres interior
organized into groups that share common function
3 fibers of white matter
association fibers, commissural fibers, projection fibers
association fibers
interconnect areas of neural cortex within a single cerebral hemisphere
arcuate fibers
longitudinal fasciculi
arcuate fibers
shortest association fibers
curve in an arc
longitudinal fasciculi
longest association fibers bundled up
connect frontal lobe to other lobes of same hemisphere
commissural fibers
connect the cerebral hemispheres
corpus callosum
anterior commissure
corpus callosum
most important band of commissural fibers
allows communication and coordination between hemispheres
contains more than 200 milion axons carrying about 4 billion impulses per second
anterior commissure
smaller tract of commissural fibers providing another route for communication between hemispheres
projection fibers
link cerebral cortex to the diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord
all projection fibers pass through the diencephalon
internal capsule
internal capsule
collection of ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) fibers
