Chp 13.1-13.3

Question 1

primary brain vesicles

Answer 1

prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

Question 2

prosencephalon

Answer 2

“forebrain” anterior tip of neural tube

divides into diencephalon and telencephalon

Question 3

mesencephalon

Answer 3

“midbrain” expansion caudal

Question 4

rhombencephalon

Answer 4

“hindbrain” most caudal of the primary vesicles, continuous with spinal cord.
divides into metencephalon and myelencephalon

Question 5

secondary brain vesicles

Answer 5

diencephalon, telencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon

Question 6

diencephalon

Answer 6

becomes major relay and processing center for information head to the cerebrum

Question 7

telencephalon

Answer 7

expands rapidly

eventually, forms the cerebrum (largest part of the brain)

Question 8

metencephalon

Answer 8

caudal to the midbrain

will form the cerebellum and pons

Question 9

myelencephalon

Answer 9

will become the medulla oblongata

Question 10

6 major brain regions

Answer 10

cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 11

functions of cerebrum

Answer 11

conscious thought, memory storage and processing, sensory processing, regulating skeletal muscle contractions

Question 12

surface features of cerebrum

Answer 12

fissures, gyri, sulci

Question 13

fissures

Answer 13

deep groves that subdivide cerebral hemisphere

Question 14

gyri

Answer 14

folds in cerebral hemisphere, increases surface area

Question 15

sulci

Answer 15

shallow depressions in the cerebral hemisphere, separate adjacent gyri.

Question 16

function of cerebellum

Answer 16

coordinating and modulating motor commands from the cerebral cortex

Question 17

diencephalon

Answer 17

structural and functional link between cerebral hemispheres and the rest of CNS
divided into thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 18

thalamus

Answer 18

contains relay and processing centers for sensory information

Question 19

hypothalamus

Answer 19

floor of the diencephalon

contains centers involved with emotions, autonomic functions, and hormone production

Question 20

parts of brain stem

Answer 20

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 21

midbrain

Answer 21

contains centers that help maintain consciousness

contains nuclei that process visual and auditory information and control reflexes triggered by that simuli

Question 22

pons

Answer 22

connects cerebellum to midbrain, diencephalon, cerebrum, medulla oblongata, spinal cord
contains tracts and relay centers
contains nuclei that function in somatic and visceral motor control

Question 23

medulla oblongata

Answer 23

relays sensory information to other parts of the brain stem and to the thalamus
contains major centers that regulate autonomic functions like heart rate and blood pressure.

Question 24

what is the central cavity of the neural tube called?

Answer 24

neurocoel

Question 25

what does the CNS begin with?

Answer 25

neural tube

Question 26

cerebral cortex

Answer 26

highly folded surfaces covered by thick superficial layer of gray matter.

Question 27

ventricular system components

Answer 27

two lateral ventricles, interventricular foramen, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle

Question 28

interventricular foramen

Answer 28

allows communication from lateral ventricles to third ventricle

Question 29

third ventricle

Answer 29

located in the diencephalon

Question 30

cerebral aqueduct

Answer 30

slender canal within the midbrain

connects third ventricle to fourth ventricle

Question 31

fourth ventricle

Answer 31

extends from the metencephalon to the medulla oblongata

narrows and becomes the central canal of spinal cord

Question 32

corpus callosum

Answer 32

thick tract of white matter

interconnects the two cerebral hemispheres

Question 33

septum pellucidum

Answer 33

thin partition, separates the two lateral ventricles

Question 34

4 methods of protection of the brain

Answer 34

cranial bones, cranial meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, blood-brain barrier.

Question 35

blood-brain barrier

Answer 35

biochemically isolates the neural tissue of the brain from general circulation

Question 36

3 layers of cranial meninges

Answer 36

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 37

2 layers of dura mater

Answer 37

outer (periosteal) layer and inner (meningeal layer)
fused to the periosteum of cranial bones
no epidural space

Question 38

dura mater

Answer 38

layers are separated by a gap containing fluid and blood vessels (including dural sinuses).

Question 39

3 parts of arachnoid mater

Answer 39

arachnoid membrane, arachoid trabeculae, subarachnoid space

Question 40

arachnoid membrane

Answer 40

smooth covering; does not follow folds of the brain

Question 41

arachnoid trabeculae

Answer 41

connect to the pia mater

Question 42

subarachnoid space

Answer 42

between the arachnoid membrane and pia mater

Question 43

pia mater

Answer 43

bound to the surface of the brain by astrocyte processes
extends into every fold
accompanies branches of cerebral blood vessels as they penetrate the surface of the brain to reach internal structures

Question 44

dural folds

Answer 44

extensions of the inner layer of the dura mater into the cranial cavity (sheets dip inward then return)
stabilize and support the brain

Question 45

3 large dural folds

Answer 45

falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli

Question 46

dural sinuses

Answer 46

large collecting veins located within dural folds

superior sagittal sinus is the largest

Question 47

falx cerebri

Answer 47

between the cerebral hemispheres

contains the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses

Question 48

tentorium cerebelli

Answer 48

separates cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum

Question 49

falx cerebelli

Answer 49

separates the two cerebellar hemispheres along the midsagittal line
inferior to the tentorium cerebelli