CHp. 13

Question 1

1-propanol

Answer 1

propyl alcohol

Question 2

2-propanol

Answer 2

isopropyl alcohol

Question 3

-diol

Answer 3

denotes two -OH groups

Question 4

-triol

Answer 4

denotes three -OH groups

Question 5

benzene + -OH

Answer 5

phenol

Question 6

1 carbon on a phenol is the carbon bonded to ____

Answer 6

the -OH

Question 7

Ortho

Answer 7

1,2 position

Question 8

meta

Answer 8

1,3 position

Question 9

para

Answer 9

1,4 position

Question 10

mercaptans

Answer 10

thiols

Question 11

, thiols are named by adding thiol to the alkane name of the longest carbon chain and numbering the carbon chain from the end nearer the __ group

Answer 11

— SH

Question 12

contains an — O — between two carbon groups that are alkyls or aromatic rings

Answer 12

ether

Question 13

Because there is a large electronegativity difference between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms in the —OH group

Answer 13

the oxygen has a partially negative charge and
the hydrogen has a partially positive charge

hydrogen bonds form between the oxygen of one alcohol and hydrogen in the —OH group of another alcohol

Question 14

The solubility of alcohols in water ____ with increasing number of carbons

Answer 14

decreases

Question 15

Alcohols that have ___ carbons are soluble in water

Answer 15

1-3

Question 16

Boiling point of alcohols and ethers ____ as the carbon chains get longer

Answer 16

increases

Question 17

Ethers are not soluble in water if they have more than __ carbons

Answer 17

four

Question 18

Phenols are ___ in water

Answer 18

slightly soluble (have an -OH group that can form hydrogen bonds)

Question 19

the loss of —H and —OH from adjacent carbon atoms from the same alcohol, producing an ___ and a water molecule

(dehydration of alcohols)

Answer 19

alkene

Question 20

The dehydration of a ___ alcohol can result in the formation of a minor product and a major product.

Answer 20

secondary

Question 21

The major product is the one that forms by removing the hydrogen from the carbon atom that has the ___ number of hydrogen atoms

Answer 21

smaller

Question 22

reactions increase the number of carbon–oxygen bonds by the addition of oxygen or a loss of hydrogen atoms

Answer 22

oxidation

Question 23

reactions reduce the number of bonds between carbon and oxygen atoms

Answer 23

reduction

Question 24

Primary alcohols are oxidized to produce an

Answer 24

aldehyde

Question 25

Aldehydes can further oxidize to produce a

Answer 25

carboxylic acid

Question 26

Secondary alcohols are oxidized to produce a

Answer 26

ketone.

Question 27

Tertiary alcohols do not readily oxidize because there is no hydrogen atom on the carbon bonded to the

Answer 27

—OH group

Question 28

When thiols undergo oxidation, they form a

Answer 28

disulfide

Question 29

Liver enzymes can eventually break down ethanol, but the _____intermediates can cause considerable damage to liver cells

Answer 29

aldehyde and carboxylic acid