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Biochem B2 > Carbs - Chp. 15 > Flashcards

Carbs - Chp. 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Carb formula

A

Cn(H2O)n

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2
Q

Glucose + Fructose

A

Sucrose (table sugar)

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3
Q

aldose

A

polyhydroxyl aldehyde

has an aldehyde group

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4
Q

ketose

A

poyhydroxyl ketone

ketone

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5
Q

Fructose is a

A

ketohexose

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6
Q

non super imposable images

A

chiral

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7
Q

carbon molecule is chiral if

A

it has at least one C atom bonded to four different atoms

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8
Q

D or L enantiomers (of monosaccharides) are more commonly used by the body?

A

D

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9
Q

most common Hexose

A

D-glucose (dextrose)

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10
Q

when an isomer opens and then returns back to the cyclic structrue (more stable), potentially altering the location of the –OH group

A

mutarotation

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11
Q

glucose + glucose =

A

maltose + h2o

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12
Q

glucose + galactose =

A

lactose + h2o

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13
Q

glucose + fructose =

A

sucrose + h2o

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14
Q

connects monosaccharides

A

glycosidic bond

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15
Q

Glycosidic bond is between 1 and 2 carbon so it cannnt form an open chain or be oxidized

(not a reducing sugar)

A

sucrose

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16
Q

amylose

amylopectin

glycogen

cellulose

A

D-glucose polysaccharides

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17
Q

starches can hydrolyze in water and acid to produce

A

dextrins

18
Q

contain several hydroxyl groups attached to a chain of three to eight carbon atoms

A

Monosaccharides

19
Q

the atoms are bonded in the same sequence but differ in the way they are arranged in space

A

stereoisomers

20
Q

stereoisomers cannot be superimposed, they are called

A

enantiomers

21
Q

places the most oxidized group at the top.
uses vertical lines for bonds that go back.
uses horizontal lines for bonds that go forward

A

Fischer projection

22
Q

are produced from the reaction of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group in the same molecule.

A

Haworth structures

23
Q

Alpha form (cyclic form)

A

OH is on the bttom

24
Q

Beta form (cyclic form of sugar)

A

OH is on the top

25
Q 
a disaccharide also known as malt sugar.
composed of two D-glucose molecules.
obtained from the hydrolysis of starch.
used in cereals, candies, and brewing.
found in both the α and β forms.
A

Maltose

26
Q

Maltose

A

linked by an α-(1,4)-glycosidic bond

27
Q

disaccharide of β-D-galactose and α- or β-D-glucose

A

Lactose

28
Q

β-(1,4)-glycosidic bond

A

lactose

29
Q

has an α,β-(1,2)-glycosidic bond between carbon 1 of glucose and carbon 2 of fructose

A

Sucrose

30
Q

polysaccharide cellulose is composed of glucose units connected by ____ bonds

A

β-(1,4)-glycosidic

31
Q

composed of two kinds of polysaccharides: amylose and amylopectin

A

Starch

32
Q

Amylose bond?

A

α-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds in a continuous chain

Polymer chains of amylose are coiled in a helical fashion.

33
Q

Amylopectin bonds?

A

alpha 1,4

and

alpha 1,6

34
Q

amylopectin bond

A

contains glucose molecules connected by α-(1,4)- and α-(1,6)-glycosidic bonds

35
Q

Starches hydrolyze easily in water and acid to give smaller saccharides, called dextrins, which then _____ to maltose and finally glucose

A

hydrolyze

36
Q

polymer of glucose that is stored in the liver and muscle of animals

A

Glycogen

37
Q

are joined by α-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds, with branches attached by α-(1,6)-glycosidic bonds that occur every 10–15 glucose units

A

Glycogen

38
Q

similar to amylopectin but more highly branched.

A

Glycogen

39
Q

is a polysaccharide of glucose units in unbranched chains with β-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds

A

Cellulose

40
Q

Cellulose cannot be digested by humans because humans cannot break down ___ bonds

A

β-(1,4)-glycosidic

41
Q

are a type of unbranched polysaccharide that consist of repeating disaccharide units

A

Glycosaminoglycans

Biochem B2 (6 decks)

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