Chp 13

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

an individual’s charecteristic patterns of thinking, feelinf and acting

Question 2

psychodynamic theories

Answer 2

…

Question 3

free association

Answer 3

in psychoanalyis, a method of exploring the unconcious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to minds, no matter how trivial or embarassing

Question 4

psychoanaylisis

Answer 4

Freud’s theory of personality that attributees thoughts and actions to unconcious motives and conflicts. the techniques used in treateing psychological disorders by seekinf to expose and interpret conconcious tensions

Question 5

unconcious

Answer 5

accoriding to Freud a revervoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processinf of which we are unaware

Question 6

id

Answer 6

a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that according to freud strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. the id operates on the pleasure principal demanidng immediate gratifiaction

Question 7

ego

Answer 7

the largely conscious “Executive” part of your personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality.

Question 8

reality principal

Answer 8

the id must be satisfied in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain

Question 9

superego

Answer 9

the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideas and provides standards for judgment (the conscious) and for future associations

Question 10

psychosexual stages

Answer 10

the childhood stages of development during which the ids pleasure energies focus of distinct erogenous zones
Oral (0-18months)
Anal (18-36 months)
Phallic (3-6 years)
Latency (6-puberty)

Question 11

Oral stage

Answer 11

0-18 months, pleasure centers on the mouth-sucking, biting, chewing

Question 12

Anal stage

Answer 12

18 months-36 months Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination, coping with demands for control

Question 13

phallic stage

Answer 13

3-6 years, pleasure zone is genitals, coping with incestuous sexual feelings

Question 14

latency stage

Answer 14

6-puberty, a phase of dominant sexual feelings

Question 15

genital stage

Answer 15

puberty onward, maturation of sexual intrests

Question 16

identification

Answer 16

the process by which, according to freud, children incorperate their parents values into their developing superegos

Question 17

fixation

Answer 17

according to freud, a lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved

Question 18

defence mechanisms

Answer 18

the egos protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distoriting reality

Question 19

repression

Answer 19

the basic defence mechanism that banishees anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings and memories from consciousness

Question 20

Six defence mechanisms

Answer 20

Regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacemnts, denial

Question 21

R,R,R,D,D,P (red demin pants)

Answer 21

Regression, Reaction formation, rationalization, displacemnt, denital, projection

Question 22

projective testing

Answer 22

a personality test, such as the rorschach ink blot test, that provides ambiguous stimuli a designed to trigger projection of ones inner dynamics

Question 23

terrror managemnt theory

Answer 23

a theory of death related anxiety; explores people emotional and behavioral responces to reminders of therii impending death

Question 24

humanistic theories

Answer 24

veiw personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth

Question 25

self actualization

Answer 25

according to malsow, one of the ultimate psychological needs- the motivation to fufill ones potential

Question 26

unconditional positive regard

Answer 26

rodgers- an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

Question 27

personality inventory

Answer 27

a questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors

Question 28

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Answer 28

the most widely used personality test originally developed to identify emotional disorders

Question 29

social cognitive perspective

Answer 29

views behavior as influenced by the interaction between peoples traits, and their social context

Question 30

reciprocal determinism

Answer 30

the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment.

Question 31

personal control

Answer 31

the extent to which we perceive control over our environment

Question 32

external locus of control

Answer 32

the perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determines our fate

Question 33

self-control

Answer 33

the ability to control impulses and delay short term gratification for greater long term rewards

Question 34

learned helplessness

Answer 34

the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated adverse events

Question 35

psychoanalytic personality theory assumptions

Answer 35

emotional disorders spring form unconscious dynamics such as unresolved sexual and other childhood conflicts, and fixation at various developmental stages. Defense mechanisms fend off anxiety

Question 36

psychoanalytic view of personality

Answer 36

personality consists of pleasure-seeking impulses (the id) a reality-oriented executive (the ego)and an internalized set of ideas (the superego)

Question 37

Psychoanalytic personality assessment methods

Answer 37

free association, projective tests, dream analysis

Question 38

Psychodynamic personality theory

Answer 38

the unconscious and conscious minds interact. childhood experience and defense mechanism are important

Question 39

psychodynamic view of personality

Answer 39

the dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious motives and conflicts shapes our personality

Question 40

psychodynamics personality assessment methods

Answer 40

projective tests, therapy sessions

Question 41

Humanists personality theory assumptions

Answer 41

Rather than examining the struggles of sick people, it better to focus on the ways healthy people strive for self-realization

Question 42

Trait theory of personality assumptions

Answer 42

We have certain stable and enduring charecterisitcs, influenced by genetic predispositions

Question 43

Trait theory veiw of personality

Answer 43

scientific study of traits has isolated important dimensions of personality, such as big five traits (stability, extroversion, openess agareeableness, and concientiousness)

Question 44

Big five personality traits

Answer 44

Stability, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness

Question 45

trait theory personality assesment methods

Answer 45

personality inventories

Question 46

social-cognitive personalisty theory asusmtpions

Answer 46

our traits andthe social ocntext interact to produce our behaviors

Question 47

social-congitive veiw of personality

Answer 47

conditioning and observational learning interact with cogntiion to create behavior patterns

Question 48

social-cognitive perosnality theory methods

Answer 48

our behavior in one situation is best predicted by considering our past behavior in similar situations

Question 49

psychoalaytic theory proponents

Answer 49

freud

Question 50

psychodynamic theory proponents

Answer 50

adler, horney, jung

Question 51

humanistic theory proponents

Answer 51

rogers, maslow

Question 52

trait theory proponents

Answer 52

allport, eysenck, mcCrae, Costa

Question 53

social-cognitive theory proponents

Answer 53

Bandura

Question 54

self-serving bias

Answer 54

a readiness to perceive oneself favorably