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My Medical Terminology > Chp 12 GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM > Flashcards

Chp 12 GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite (orexia = appetite)

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2
Q

aphagia

A

inability to swallow

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3
Q

ascites

A

an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (ascos = bag)

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4
Q

buccal

A

in the cheek

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5
Q

diarrhea

A

frequent loose or liquid stools

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6
Q

constipation

A

infrequent or incomplete bowel movements characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass (constipo = to press together)

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7
Q

dyspepsia

A

indigestion (pepsis = digestion)

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8
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

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9
Q

eructation

A

belch

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10
Q

flatulence

A

gas in the stomach or intestines (flatus = a blowing)

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11
Q

halitosis

A

bad breath (halitus = breath)

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12
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

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13
Q

hematochezia

A

red blood in stool (chezo = defecate)

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14
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlargement of the liver

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15
Q

hyperbilirubinemia

A

excessive level of bilirubin (bile pigment) in the blood

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16
Q

icterus

A

yellow discoloraion of the skin, sclera (white of eye), and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood (jaundice = yellow)

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17
Q

jaundice

A

yellow discoloraion of the skin, sclera (white of eye), and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood (jaundice = yellow)

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18
Q

melena

A

dark colored, tarry stool caused by old blood

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19
Q

nausea

A

feeling of sick in the stomach

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20
Q

steatorrhea

A

feces containing fat

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21
Q

sublingual

A

under the tongue

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22
Q

hypoglossal

A

under the tongue

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23
Q

ankyloglossia

A

a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum (ankyl/o = crooked or stiff)

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24
Q

cheilitis

A

inflammation of the lip

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25
Q

esophageal varices

A

swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus that are especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage

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26
Q

esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus

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27
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

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28
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

a backflow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter, causing burning pain in the esophagus

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29
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

30
Q

glossitis

A

inflammation of the tongue

31
Q

parotitis

A

inflammation of the parotid gland, also called mumps

32
Q

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

A

a sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the GI system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria (pept/o = to digest)

33
Q

gastric ulcer

A

ulcer located in the stomach

34
Q

duodenal ulcer

A

ulcer located in the duodenum

35
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

a narrowed condition of the pylorus

36
Q

sialoadenitis

A

inflammation of a salivary gland

37
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth

38
Q

anal fistula

A

an abnormal tubelike passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum (fistula = pipe)

39
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

40
Q

colitis

A

inflammation of the colon (large intestine)

41
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic inflammation of the colon with ulcerations

42
Q

colorectal polyps

A

benign tissue growths on the mucous membrane lining the large intestine and rectum; adenomatous types are precancerous and likely to develop into malignancy

43
Q

pediculated polyp

A

projected on a stalk (ped/o = foot)

44
Q

sessile polyp

A

lying flat on the surface (sessilis = low growing)

45
Q

diverticulum

A

an abnormal side pocket in the GI tract usually related to lack of dietary fiber

46
Q

diverticulosis

A

presence of diverticula in the GI tract, especially the colon

47
Q

diverculitis

A

inflammation of diverticula

48
Q

dysentery

A

inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools, most often caused by bacteria or protozoa (e.g., amebic dysentery)

49
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of small intestine

50
Q

hemorrhoid

A

swollen, twisted vein (varicosity) in the anal region (haimorrhois = a vein likely to bleed)

51
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of a part from its normal location

52
Q

hiatal hernia

A

protrusion of part of the stomach upward through the opening in the diaphragm

53
Q

inguinal hernia

A

protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region

54
Q

incarcerated hernia

A

hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction

55
Q

strangulated hernia

A

hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous

56
Q

umbilical hernia

A

protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus (navel)

57
Q

ileitis

A

inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine

58
Q

intussusception

A

prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part (intus = within; suscipiens = to take up)

59
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

60
Q

proctitis

A

inflammation of the rectum and anus

61
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction (volvo = to roll)

62
Q

cholangitis

A

inflammation of the bile ducts

63
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

64
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

presence of stones in the common bile duct

65
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

66
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency (cirrho = yellow)

67
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

68
Q

hepatitis A

A

infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hep A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water

69
Q

hepatitis B

A

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids

70
Q

hepatitis C

A

inflammation of the liver caused by the hep C virus (HCV), transmitted by exposure to infected blood (rarely contracted sexually)

71
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

My Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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