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My Medical Terminology > Chp 12 GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM > Flashcards

Chp 12 GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite (orexia = appetite)

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2
Q

aphagia

A

inability to swallow

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3
Q

ascites

A

an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (ascos = bag)

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4
Q

buccal

A

in the cheek

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5
Q

diarrhea

A

frequent loose or liquid stools

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6
Q

constipation

A

infrequent or incomplete bowel movements characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass (constipo = to press together)

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7
Q

dyspepsia

A

indigestion (pepsis = digestion)

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8
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

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9
Q

eructation

A

belch

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10
Q

flatulence

A

gas in the stomach or intestines (flatus = a blowing)

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11
Q

halitosis

A

bad breath (halitus = breath)

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12
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

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13
Q

hematochezia

A

red blood in stool (chezo = defecate)

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14
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlargement of the liver

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15
Q

hyperbilirubinemia

A

excessive level of bilirubin (bile pigment) in the blood

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16
Q

icterus

A

yellow discoloraion of the skin, sclera (white of eye), and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood (jaundice = yellow)

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17
Q

jaundice

A

yellow discoloraion of the skin, sclera (white of eye), and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood (jaundice = yellow)

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18
Q

melena

A

dark colored, tarry stool caused by old blood

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19
Q

nausea

A

feeling of sick in the stomach

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20
Q

steatorrhea

A

feces containing fat

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21
Q

sublingual

A

under the tongue

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22
Q

hypoglossal

A

under the tongue

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23
Q

ankyloglossia

A

a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum (ankyl/o = crooked or stiff)

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24
Q

cheilitis

A

inflammation of the lip

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25
esophageal varices
swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus that are especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage
26
esophagitis
inflammation of the esophagus
27
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
28
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
a backflow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter, causing burning pain in the esophagus
29
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
30
glossitis
inflammation of the tongue
31
parotitis
inflammation of the parotid gland, also called mumps
32
peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
a sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the GI system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria (pept/o = to digest)
33
gastric ulcer
ulcer located in the stomach
34
duodenal ulcer
ulcer located in the duodenum
35
pyloric stenosis
a narrowed condition of the pylorus
36
sialoadenitis
inflammation of a salivary gland
37
stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth
38
anal fistula
an abnormal tubelike passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum (fistula = pipe)
39
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
40
colitis
inflammation of the colon (large intestine)
41
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammation of the colon with ulcerations
42
colorectal polyps
benign tissue growths on the mucous membrane lining the large intestine and rectum; adenomatous types are precancerous and likely to develop into malignancy
43
pediculated polyp
projected on a stalk (ped/o = foot)
44
sessile polyp
lying flat on the surface (sessilis = low growing)
45
diverticulum
an abnormal side pocket in the GI tract usually related to lack of dietary fiber
46
diverticulosis
presence of diverticula in the GI tract, especially the colon
47
diverculitis
inflammation of diverticula
48
dysentery
inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools, most often caused by bacteria or protozoa (e.g., amebic dysentery)
49
enteritis
inflammation of small intestine
50
hemorrhoid
swollen, twisted vein (varicosity) in the anal region (haimorrhois = a vein likely to bleed)
51
hernia
protrusion of a part from its normal location
52
hiatal hernia
protrusion of part of the stomach upward through the opening in the diaphragm
53
inguinal hernia
protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region
54
incarcerated hernia
hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction
55
strangulated hernia
hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous
56
umbilical hernia
protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus (navel)
57
ileitis
inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine
58
intussusception
prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part (intus = within; suscipiens = to take up)
59
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
60
proctitis
inflammation of the rectum and anus
61
volvulus
twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction (volvo = to roll)
62
cholangitis
inflammation of the bile ducts
63
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
64
choledocholithiasis
presence of stones in the common bile duct
65
cholelithiasis
presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
66
cirrhosis
chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency (cirrho = yellow)
67
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
68
hepatitis A
infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hep A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water
69
hepatitis B
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids
70
hepatitis C
inflammation of the liver caused by the hep C virus (HCV), transmitted by exposure to infected blood (rarely contracted sexually)
71
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas

My Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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