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Biology > CHP 10 > Flashcards

CHP 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the relationship between any two strands of DNA?

A

One was the template for the synthesis of the other.

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2
Q

One strand of DNA is the template for the synthesis of another strand. What does this mean?

A

The template specifies the bases on the nucleotides of the strand being made

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3
Q

What are the products of the replication of one DNA molecule?

A

two identical double-stranded DNA molecules

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4
Q

Number of Bases?

A

4

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5
Q

The Nucleotide in one strand of DNA are held together by?

A

Covalent Bonds

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6
Q

The two strands of a double helix of DNA are linked by what kind of bonds?

A

hydrogen bonds between bases

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7
Q

Monomers of DNA and RNA?

A

Nucleotides

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8
Q

Backbone of DNA consist of?

A

a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern

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9
Q

DNA double helix is?

A

made up of two polynucleotide strands

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10
Q

Bases of DNA and RNA

A

DNA: A, G, T, C
RNA: A, G, U, C

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11
Q

If adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases are guanine?

A

30%

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12
Q

In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ______ and guanine pairs with ______.

A

thymine . . . cytosine

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13
Q

Who discovered the structure of DNA?

A

Watson and Crick

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14
Q

Evidence for the spiral nature of DNA came from ______.

A

X-ray crystallography studies

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15
Q

What type of chemical bond joins the bases of complementary DNA strands?

A

hydrogen bonds

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16
Q

During replication, ______ are the enzymes responsible for joining the nucleotides of a new DNA strand together.

A

DNA polymerases

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17
Q

The modern phrasing of Beadle and Tatum’s hypothesis about relationships between genes and their products is “one gene-one ______.”

A

polypeptide

18
Q

What name is given to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism?

A

phenotype

19
Q

Where does replication and transcription occur?

A

Nucleus

20
Q

Which of the following molecules are produced by transcription?

A

Ribozymes and Messenger RNA

21
Q

Players of Transcription and Translation

A

mRNA-Messenger
rRNA-Ribosomal
tRNA-Transfer

22
Q

Where can you find anticodon?

A

tRNA

23
Q

Ribosome/description, function

A

Where protein synthesis takes place;

reads RNA in groups of 3 and starts to produce amino acid>polypeptide>protein

24
Q

Where do mRNA, tRNAs, and amino acids come together to make a protein in a eukaryotic cell?

A

in the cytoplasm

at the ribosomes

25
Q

Difference between RNA and DNA?

A

RNA is found in nucleus and cytoplasm

DNA only nucleus

26
Q

DNA>RNA>Protein/ what do the arrows indicate?

A

Flow

27
Q

Transfer RNA

A

act as interpreter
carries amino acid
uses anticodons

28
Q

Codon?

A

triple base which codes for one amino acid

29
Q

Translation?

A

from nucleic acid language (from RNA) converted to protein language

30
Q

Transcription?

A

synthesis of RNA on a DNA template
manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA
initiation, elongation, termination

31
Q

A mutation found at a single location in the genome?

A

Point-Mutation

32
Q

Point Mutation and Example?

A

happens in a base pair, can have multiple mutation

33
Q

Mutations that occur in somatic cells are:

A

not passed on to future generations

34
Q

Are multiple mutations required to make a malignant cancer cell?

A

yes

35
Q

Smallest # of nucleotides that must be added or subtracted to alter the reading frame?

A

1

36
Q

Prophage and provirus can be found in which organisms’ cells?

A

bacteria; animal

37
Q

Enzyme used by HIV virus to reproduce?

A

reverse transcriptase

38
Q

Which of the following is an emerging virus?

A

SARS, T2

39
Q

Why are emerging virus especially dangerous?

A

Populations are susceptible because they have no immunity to them.

40
Q

Bacteriophages

A

Virus that attack bacteria

have two reproductive cycle: Lytic cycle or Lysogenic cycle

41
Q

How can bacteriophages DNA be spread from cell to cell without causing death?

A

lysogenic cycle

Biology (13 decks)

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