CHP 10 Flashcards
What is the relationship between any two strands of DNA?
One was the template for the synthesis of the other.
One strand of DNA is the template for the synthesis of another strand. What does this mean?
The template specifies the bases on the nucleotides of the strand being made
What are the products of the replication of one DNA molecule?
two identical double-stranded DNA molecules
Number of Bases?
4
The Nucleotide in one strand of DNA are held together by?
Covalent Bonds
The two strands of a double helix of DNA are linked by what kind of bonds?
hydrogen bonds between bases
Monomers of DNA and RNA?
Nucleotides
Backbone of DNA consist of?
a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern
DNA double helix is?
made up of two polynucleotide strands
Bases of DNA and RNA
DNA: A, G, T, C
RNA: A, G, U, C
If adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases are guanine?
30%
In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ______ and guanine pairs with ______.
thymine . . . cytosine
Who discovered the structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick
Evidence for the spiral nature of DNA came from ______.
X-ray crystallography studies
What type of chemical bond joins the bases of complementary DNA strands?
hydrogen bonds
During replication, ______ are the enzymes responsible for joining the nucleotides of a new DNA strand together.
DNA polymerases
The modern phrasing of Beadle and Tatum’s hypothesis about relationships between genes and their products is “one gene-one ______.”
polypeptide
What name is given to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism?
phenotype
Where does replication and transcription occur?
Nucleus
Which of the following molecules are produced by transcription?
Ribozymes and Messenger RNA
Players of Transcription and Translation
mRNA-Messenger
rRNA-Ribosomal
tRNA-Transfer
Where can you find anticodon?
tRNA
Ribosome/description, function
Where protein synthesis takes place;
reads RNA in groups of 3 and starts to produce amino acid>polypeptide>protein
Where do mRNA, tRNAs, and amino acids come together to make a protein in a eukaryotic cell?
in the cytoplasm
at the ribosomes
Difference between RNA and DNA?
RNA is found in nucleus and cytoplasm
DNA only nucleus
DNA>RNA>Protein/ what do the arrows indicate?
Flow
Transfer RNA
act as interpreter
carries amino acid
uses anticodons
Codon?
triple base which codes for one amino acid
Translation?
from nucleic acid language (from RNA) converted to protein language
Transcription?
synthesis of RNA on a DNA template
manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA
initiation, elongation, termination
A mutation found at a single location in the genome?
Point-Mutation
Point Mutation and Example?
happens in a base pair, can have multiple mutation
Mutations that occur in somatic cells are:
not passed on to future generations
Are multiple mutations required to make a malignant cancer cell?
yes
Smallest # of nucleotides that must be added or subtracted to alter the reading frame?
1
Prophage and provirus can be found in which organisms’ cells?
bacteria; animal
Enzyme used by HIV virus to reproduce?
reverse transcriptase
Which of the following is an emerging virus?
SARS, T2
Why are emerging virus especially dangerous?
Populations are susceptible because they have no immunity to them.
Bacteriophages
Virus that attack bacteria
have two reproductive cycle: Lytic cycle or Lysogenic cycle
How can bacteriophages DNA be spread from cell to cell without causing death?
lysogenic cycle
