CHOP 5.2 - STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT Flashcards
Communication
The science and practice of transmitting information; the act of imparting news; information given; social dealings.
Stakeholders
Any person or group of people who may impact outcomes or be impacted by project outcomes.
Project Stakeholders
project stakeholders are any individuals or groups that may affect project outcomes or may be affected by project outcomes. Stakeholders include:
- Client or owner
- Design team
- Construction team
- Authorities having jurisdiction
- Certification agencies
- General public
Client or owner includes:
- owner’s representative (project sponsor or key project decision-maker);
- owner’s project manager;
- various departments in the owner’s organization responsible for financials, resources and accountability, facility operations and maintenance, etc.;
- shareholders or board of directors;
- owner’s employees or tenants (user stakeholders).
Design team includes:
- principals of architecture and consulting engineering firms;
- project architect and project engineers;
- design, production and contract administration staff;
- firms’ operational staff including human resources, financial management, and technology systems;
- professional liability insurers and other support organizations;
- specialized consultants (building code, acoustics, accessibility, etc.).
Construction team includes:
- general contractor, construction manager, or design-builder firm owner(s) and owners of subtrade firms;
- office staff;
- site workers;
- manufacturers and distributors of building products.
Authorities having jurisdiction includes:
- municipal and conservation area planning and design review panel members;
- building department employees, including plans examiners and site inspectors;
- health and safety authorities;
- elected officials;
- federal, provincial, territorial, and First Nations departments and agencies with regulation enforcement responsibilities and authority.
Certification agencies includes:
- Canada Green Building Council (CaGBC) and Green
- Business Certification Inc. (GBCI);
- LEED;
- BOMA.
General public includes:
- neighbours
- specific interest groups
Stakeholder Management Processes
The management of project stakeholders involves three processes:
1) Identifying and analyzing stakeholders;
2) Planning stakeholder engagement through developing strategies that respond to their interest in the project and their ability to influence project outcomes; and
3) Managing and monitoring stakeholder engagement.
Stakeholder Identification and Analysis
The identification of stakeholders is pivotal to project success. A project risk of omitting to identify stakeholders at the project’s outset has the potential for a high negative impact on outcomes. However, doing this at the beginning of a project is difficult.
stakeholder analysis involves identifying where a stakeholder is on the spectrum of project support – at the one end actively supporting the project, and at the other, actively opposing it – and then moving the stakeholder towards the desired position.
The two key factors in analyzing stakeholders
their interest in the project and their influence or power to impact project outcomes.
Stakeholder Engagement Assessment Matrix
Table 1 chapter 5.2
Stakeholder Interest/Influence Matrix
Table 2 chapter 5.2
Planning Stakeholder Engagement
The stakeholder engagement plan takes the analysis of stakeholder attitudes, interests and influence and describes a planned approach of how stakeholders will be engaged and communications managed.
A stakeholder engagement plan describes:
1) realistic expectations of stakeholders;
2) the resources that need to be applied to the process of managing stakeholder engagement, including human and financial resources;
3) the planned interactions, including meetings, retreats, social events and one-on-one opportunities built into the project schedule;
4) information needs of each stakeholder, including:
- content of communications, such as project updates on completed scope, budget and schedule status, and achieved target;
- frequency of communication;
- mode of communication, including technology.
Managing and Monitoring Stakeholder Engagement
Maintaining stakeholder engagement is an ongoing process throughout the life cycle of the design, construction and operational program.
Project Politics and Political Awareness
Project politics is an inevitable circumstance that the project architect must address and use to their advantage. In the broadest terms, bad politics focus on “I” while good politics focus on “we.”
Political awareness, like the interpersonal skills of leadership, negotiation and conflict management, is required of the project architect to build commitment to project objectives. At the heart of political influence is building networks.
