Choosing antibiotics Flashcards
What are the 4 C’s?
Co-amoxiclav
Cephalosporins
Clindamycin
Ciprofloxacin (ALL QUINOLONES)
Where can anaerobes be found?
Mouth, teeth, throat, sinuses and lower bowel: Abscesses Dental infections Peritonitis Appendicitis
Where can atypicals be found?
Chest and GU:
Pneumonia
Urtheritis
PID
Where can gram positive organisms be found?
Skin and mucous membranes: Pneumonia Sinusitis Cellultis Osteomyelitis Wound infection Line ifnection
Where can gram negative organisms be found?
GI tract: UTI Biliary infection Peritonitis Pancreatitis PID
What are general side effects of antibiotics - NOT AN ALLERGY?
Nausea Vomiting Diarrhoea Rashes Candida infection
What specific side effects are associated with penicillins?
Hypersensitivity/ skin reaction
What specific side effects are associated with flucloxacillin and co-amoxiclav?
Cholestatic jaundice
What specific side effects are associated with clindamycin, cephalosporins and quinolones?
C.difficile colitis
What specific side effects are associated with macrolides?
GI disturbances, hepatitis, increased QT
What specific side effects are associated with quinolones?
Prolonged QT
Convulsions
Tendonitis and rupture
Rupture of AAA
What specific side effects are associated with aminoglycosides/glycopeptides?
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
What specific side effects are associated with vancomycin?
Red man syndrome
What specific side effects are associated with tetracyclines?
Hepatotoxicity
Teeth staining
Photosensitivity
Dysphagia
What specific side effects are associated with nitrofurantoin?
Peripheral neuropathy
Pulmonary fibrosis
What specific side effects are associated with sulphonamides (co-trimoxaole)?
Stevens-johnson syndrome
Blood dyscrasias
What specific side effects are associated with trimethoprim?
Blood dyscrasias
What specific side effects are associated with chloramphenicol?
Aplastic anaemia
Grey baby syndrome
What specific side effects are associated with linezolid?
Blood dyscrasias
MAOI
Optic neuropathy
What antibiotics are enzyme inhibitors?
Erythromycin Clarithromycin Isoniazid Metronidazole Ciprofloxacin
What antibiotic is an enzyme inducer?
Rifampicin
What will reduce the absorption of tetracyclines and quinolones?
Antacids
Calcium
What will aminoglycosides interact with?
Loop diuretics to cause nephrotoxicity
What will metronidazole interact with?
Alcohol
Reduce lithium
