Cholinergics

Question 1

Bethanechol
Carbachol (Glaucoma treatment)
Acetylcholine (produces rapid miosis)

Answer 1

Direct Muscarinic Agonists

Choline Esters -

Question 2

Natural Alkaloids (2)

Answer 2

Direct Muscarinic Agonists
Pilocarpine
Muscarine

Question 3

Nicotinic Agonists (3)

Answer 3

Direct Nicotinic Agonists
Nicotine
Acetylcholine
Carbachol

Question 4

Donepezil
Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine
Physostigmine
Edrophonium

Answer 4

Indirect Reversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Question 5

Malathion
Parathion
Organophosphates

Answer 5

Indirect Irriversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Question 6

Cholinesterase Reactivator

Answer 6

Pralidoxime cannot cross the BBB

Question 7

Contraction of the lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 7

M3 GI activation

Question 8

Urinary retention treatment

Answer 8

Bethanechol and Neostigmine

Question 9

Treatment of xerostomia – dry mouth due to radiation treatment for cancer, or Sjogren
syndrome.

Treatment of glaucoma

Induce miosis

What is the common adverse effect of this drug?

Answer 9

Pilocarpine

Diaphoresis (profuse sweating) is the most common adverse effect.

Question 10

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 10

Neostigmine and pyridostigmine

Question 11

Reversal of poisoning anticholinergic drugs

Answer 11

Physostigmine (Because it enters the CNS)

Question 12

Alzheimer Disease

Answer 12

Donepezil

Question 13

How can the parasympathetic system dilate blood vessels

Answer 13

Direct-acting muscarinic agonists will dilate blood vessels by acting on the M3 receptor on the endothelium. This results in nitric oxide release

Question 14

Too much stimulation of the parasympathetic can result in what?

Answer 14

A cholinergic crisis consists of bronchospasms and bronchorrhea (accumulation of fluid in lungs)

Question 15

organophosphate poisoning

Answer 15

pralidoxime

Question 16

Name the 5 direct drugs?

Answer 16

1. Acetylcholine
2. Benathocol
3. Carbachol
4. Muscarine
5. Pilocarpine