Cholinergic effects Flashcards
Parasympathetic
Subunits of the N1/NM nAChR [6 marks]
- alpha 1
- alpha 1
- beta 1
- delta
- gamma (foetal)
- epsilon (adult)
Which mAChRs have Gq? [3 marks]
- M1
- M3
- M5
Which mAChRs have Gi? [2 marks]
- M2
- M4
What do the Gq mAChRs do to visceral smooth muscle? [1 marks]
Contract it
What do the Gi mAChRs do to the heart rate and force? [1 marks]
Reduce them
What is a G protein-coupled Inwardly-recitifying potassium channel (GIRK) [2 marks]
A protein that:
- translocates and activates beta And gamma subunits
- suppresses depolarisation
What does nitric oxide do to arteries? [2 marks]
Cause arteries to relax
- via NO synthase
What is atropine and what is its side effects? [4 marks]
- non selective muscarinic antagonist SIDE EFFECTS: - urinary retention - dry mouth - blurred vision
Which receptor is responsible for salivary and sweat glands? [1 mark]
M3
- under sympathetic nerves (compared to adrenal glands)
What augments acid production with M1? [1 mark]
ACh from vagus nerve
What causes mitosis in eyes ? [3 marks]
- contraction of circular muscle
- M3
- parasympathetic
What causes mydriasis? [3 marks]
- contraction of radial muscle
- alpha 1
- sympathetic
What are parasympathomimetics and what are examples of it? [3 marks]
Drugs that mimic the parasympathetic pathway
Examples:
- mAChR/nAChR agonists
- AChE inhibitors
What can muscarinic blockers be used for? [5 marks]
- prevent secretions and vagal effects in surgery
- increase AV conduction
- mydriasis for examination
- bronchodilation
- treatment for anti AChE poisoning
What are nicotinic blockers used for? [2 marks]
- muscle relaxants
Depolarising blockers
