Anatomy of nervous system Flashcards
What is a ganglion? [2 marks]
- Cluster of nerve cells in the ANS
- House cell bodies of afferent (input) or efferent (output) nerves.
Preganglion length in sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system? [2 marks]
Short = Sympathetic Long = Parasympathetic
Where are all parasympathetic ganglia located? [1 mark]
In the target organ
In which target does parasympathetic nerves release noradrenaline? [2 marks]
- Arteries
- Heart
Where are the parasympathetic nerves located?
- Cranial (nerve III, VII, IX, X)
- Sacral
What is the only major artery with parasympathetic output? [2 marks]
- Penile artery
- Its neurotransmitter is nitric oxide
Where are the sympathetic nerves located? [2 marks]
- Thoracic spinal cord
- Lumbar spinal cord
What are the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic transmitters? [3 marks]
- ATP/neuropeptide Y = vasodilation
- Vasoactive intestinal peptide = dilation
- Nitric oxide = erection ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
What tissue has a single nerve supply? [1 mark]
Adrenal medulla
What do all autonomic nerve fibres LEAVING the CNS release? [1 mark]
Acetylcholine
What’s the difference betwen nAChRs and mAChRs? [2 marks]
nAChR = ligand gated ion channel mAChR = G protein coupled receptor
Sympathetic outflow [2 marks]
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
Parasympathetic outflow [2 marks]
- Cranial
- Sacral
What NANCs are at the post ganglionic sympathetic nuerone? [2 mark]
- ATP
- NPY
What NANC is in airways and salivary glands? [1 mark]
VIP
