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Semester 2 Pharmacology > Cholesterol DRUGS ONLY > Flashcards

Cholesterol DRUGS ONLY Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs are the cholesterol lowering drugs?

A
  • Colestyramine
  • Fibrates
  • Niacin
  • Ezetimibe
  • Statins
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2
Q

What is Colestyramine

A

Basic anion exchange resin

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Colestyramine?

A
  • Sequests the bile acids to prevent enterohepatic recirculation
  • Increases the metabolism of endogenous cholesterol into bile acids
  • Increases the LDL receptor numbers in the liver, resulting in the removal of LDLs from the blood
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4
Q

What are the side effects of cholestyramine?

A 
GI disturbances:
• Nausea
• Abdominal bloating
• Constipation 
• Diarrhoea
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5
Q

Give 2 examples of fibrates

A
  • Fenofibrate

* Gemfibrozol

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of fibrates?

A
  • Decrease plasma triglycerides and cholesterol
  • Decreases elevated levels of VLDL
  • Stimulates lipoprotein lipase, decreases the TG content of VLDL
  • Stimulates clearance of LDL by the liver
  • Increases HDL production and reverse cholesterol transport
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7
Q

What are the side effects of fibrates?

A
  • Can cause myositis (especially in patients with impaired renal function)
  • GI disturbances
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8
Q

What is Niacin?

A

A vitamin with lipid lowering properties

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9
Q

What is the mechanism action of niacin?

A
  • Decreases VLDL production which leads to a decrease in LDL
  • Activates lipoprotein lipase
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10
Q

What are the side effects of niacin

A
  • Flushing
  • Palpatations
  • GI disturbances
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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Ezetimibe

A

Reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption

• Inhibits the sterol carrier in the brush border of enterocytes

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12
Q

What are the side effects of Ezetimibe?

A 
GI disturbances
• Nausea
• Abdominal bloating
• constipation 
• Diarrhoea
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13
Q

What are 4 examples of statins?

A
  • Simvastatin
  • Pravastatin
  • Atorvastatin
  • Rosuvastatin
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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of statins?

A
  • They are long lasting HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
  • HMG-CoA inhibits the conversion of HMG CoA to mevalonate
  • The mevalonate pathway has two haves: One is cholesterol synthesis and the other is protein prenylation
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15
Q

What are the side effects of Statins?

A
  • Myositis
  • Angio-oedema
  • GI disturbances
  • Insomnia
  • Rash
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Semester 2 Pharmacology (11 decks)

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