CHOLELITHIASIS

Question 1

Gallstones are
hardened pieces of bile that form in
your gallbladder or bile ducts.

Answer 1

Cholelithiasis

Question 2

Also known as bile
duct stones or gallstones in the bile
duct, involves the presence of a
gallstone within the common bile duct.

Answer 2

Choledocholithiasis

Question 3

● Jaundice
● Upper abdominal pain
● Nausea
● Sweating.
● Fever.
● Fast heart rate.
● Abdominal swelling and
tenderness.
● Yellow tint to your skin and eyes.
● Dark-colored pee and
light-colored/clay-colored stool
● Loss of appetite
● Chills
● Diarrhea
● Fullness of abdominal distension
● Deficiencies of Vit. A, D, E and K
(fat-soluble vitamins)

Answer 3

Signs and symptoms of cholelithiasis

Question 4

1. Jaundice
   - Yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes.
2. Dark Urine
   - Due to excess bilirubin being processed by the kidneys.
3. Pale Stools
   - Lack of bile pigments makes the stools lighter in color.
4. Pruritus (Itching)
   - Accumulation of bile salts in the skin can cause itching

Answer 4

Signs of choledocholithiasis

Question 5

1. Biliary Colic
   - Intense pain in the upper right abdomen or the center of the
   abdomen, which can radiate to the back or right shoulder.
2. Fever and Chills
   - These may suggest an infection of the bile duct, known as
   cholangitis.
3. Nausea and Vomiting
   - Often associated with severe pain or as a direct effect of bile duct
   obstruction.

Answer 5

Symptoms of choledocholithiasis

Question 6

Nursing Management:
Diet immediately after an
episode is usually low-fat liquids
with high protein and
carbohydrates followed by _________ ____________ ___________ ________ _____________ ________ _______ _______________ _______

Answer 6

• Solid soft foods as tolerated, avoiding
  eggs, cream, pork, fried foods,
  cheese, rich dressings,
  gas-forming vegetables, and
  alcohol.

Question 7

Pharmacologic therapy:
Are effective in dissolving primarily
cholesterol stones:

Answer 7

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA [Urso,
Actigall]) and chen-odeoxycholic acid
(chenodiol or CDCA [Chenix])

Question 8

Examination tests:

Answer 8

• Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
• Ultrasound whole abdomen

Question 9

Medical Management/Surgery:
Performed through a small
incision or puncture made through the
abdominal wall in
the umbilicus.

Answer 9

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Question 10

Medical Management/Surgery:
Gallbladder is
removed through an abdominal incision (usually right
subcostal) after ligation of
the cystic duct and artery.

Answer 10

Cholecystectomy

Question 11

Medical Management/Surgery:
Gallbladder is
removed through a
small incision.

Answer 11

Mini Cholecystectomy

Question 12

Medical Management/Surgery:
Incision into the
common duct for stone
removal.

Answer 12

Choledochostomy

Question 13

Medical Management/Surgery:
Gallbladder is
opened, and the stone, bile, or purulent
drainage is removed.

Answer 13

Cholecystostomy (surgical or
percutaneous)