CHOANAL ATRESIA

Question 1

This is the most common congenital anomaly of the nose

Answer 1

CHOANAL ATRESIA

Question 2

CHARGE syndrome one of the more common anomalies associated with it:

Answer 2

1. Coloboma: in one of the structures of the eye
2. Heart disease
3. Atresia choanae
4. Retarded growth and development or CNS anomalies or both
5. Genital anomalies or hypogonadism or both

Question 3

If unilateral,

Answer 3

may be asymptomatic for a prolonged period, often until the 1st respiratory infection( unilateral nasal discharge or persistent nasal obstruction)

Question 4

If bilateral ,

Answer 4

difficulty with mouth breathing make vigorous attempts to inspire, often suck in their lips, and develop cyanosis▶️Distressed children▶️cry▶️relieves the cyanosis and become calmer, only to repeat the cycle after closing their mouths.

Question 5

Diagnosis

Answer 5

inability to pass a firm catheter through each nostril 3-4 cm into the nasopharynx.

The anatomy is best evaluated by using high-resolution CT

Question 6

Treatment

Answer 6

1- placement of an oral airway, maintaining the mouth in an open position, or intubation.
⏺ In bilateral cases, intubation or, less often, tracheotomy.
⏺ If the child is free of other serious medical problems, operative intervention is
considered in the neonate.
⏺ transnasal repair is the treatment of choice with the introduction of small magnifying
endoscopes and smaller surgical instruments and drills.
⏺ Stents are usually left in place for weeks after the repair to prevent closure or stenosis.
⏺ Operative correction of unilateral obstruction may be deferred for several yr.
⏺ Mitomycin C help prevent the development of granulation tissue and stenosis.