Acute Gastroenteritis Flashcards
is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children around the world.
Infectious diarrhea
is the most frequent cause of diarrhea in young children during winter
Rotavirus
The rotavirus vaccine has resulted in significant reductions in the incidence of acute gastroenteritis and hospitalizations due to rotavirus
✅
occurs in people of all ages, year round, and is the most common cause of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis because it is highly contagious.
Norovirus
the most common bacterial food-borne causes (in order of frequency) are
nontyphoidal Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Yersinia, Listeria monocytogenes, and Vibrio cholerae.
Nontyphoidal Salmonella produces diarrhea
by invading the intestinal mucosa.
A large inoculum of organisms is required for disease because Salmonella is killed by gastric acidity.
✅
The incubation period for gastroenteritis by Nontyphoidal Salmonella ranges from
6 to 72 hours but is usually less than 24 hours.
Carriers of nontyphoidal salmonella have…
Cholelithiasis
Shigella dysenteriae may cause disease by
producing Shiga toxin. +/-tissue invasion, the incubation period is 1-7 days
Infected adults may shed organisms for 1 month.
Shigella is spread by
person- to-person contact or by the ingestion of contaminated food with 10-100 organisms.
In shigellae,
1-The_____ is selectively affected.
2- symptoms:
colon
2- High fever and febrile seizures may occur in addition to diarrhea.
Only certain strains of E. coli produce diarrhea.
✅
Strains associated with enteritis are classified by the mechanism of diarrhea:
enterotoxigenic (ETEC),
enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) or Shiga toxin–producing (STEC),
enteroinvasive (EIEC),
enteropathogenic (EPEC),
or enteroaggregative (EAEC
ETEC strains produce
heat-labile (cholera-like) enterotoxin, heat-stable enterotoxin, or both.