Chmical Components Of elements

Question 1

6 Elements in all living organisms found in food

Answer 1

CHONPS
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfer

Question 2

Carbohydrates

Answer 2

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Cx(H2O)y
C6H12O6 Glucose
Ratio of Hydrogen to Oxygen 2:1

Question 3

Monosaccharides

Answer 3

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
Catabolic Process (Respiration) Glucose broken down in respiration to release energy

Question 4

Disaccharides + Polysaccharides

Answer 4

Eg. Starch, glycogen, cellulose
Metabolic role: glucose brown down in respiration

Question 5

Lipids Chemcial Comp

Answer 5

C,H,o
Fats are solid at room temp, oils are lipids liquid at room temp
Triglyceride (glycerols molecule with 3 fatty acids bonded)

Question 6

Phospholipids

Answer 6

Component of cell membranes, nuclear
Glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate group
Phospholipids bilayer

Question 7

Fiction of Lipids

Answer 7

Energy-rich, excess energy, Insulating, protective
Phospholipids make up membranes
Metabolic: broken down to energy

Question 8

Proteins

Answer 8

CHON (central carbon, R variable, H, NH2 alkali, COOH acidic
Amino acids (20) peptide bonds - peptide links/polypeptide chains
Function is linked to shape (fold/coil)
Fibrous - collagen in bones, keratin in hair (coiled/zigzag shape)
Globular- Hormones like insulin, haemoglobin (spherical)

Question 9

DNA

Answer 9

Nucleotide: 5 carbon sugar deoxyribose, a phosphate group, a nitrogen base

DNA replication takes place in interphase

Question 10

Nitrogen base of Nucelotides

Answer 10

Adenine, guanine (purine)
Thymine, cytosine (pyramiding)

Complementary base

Question 11

Double Helix Shape of DNA

Answer 11

Hydrogen bonds attach 2 strands
Twisted into double helix
Each block is a nucleotide (5 carbon sugar deoxyribose, phosphate group, nitrogen base: adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine)

Question 12

RNA

Answer 12

Single Stranded
5 Carbon Sugar (Ribose), phosphate group, nitrogen base
URACIL NOT THYMINE

Question 13

Bases in RNA

Answer 13

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 14

3 Types of RNA

Answer 14

rRNA (Ribosonal)
mRNA (messenger)
tRNA (transfer)

Question 15

DNA replication 4 steps

Answer 15

1. Double helix unwinds
2. Hydrogen bonds between each strands are broken by enzymes
3. Free nucleotides enter the nucleus from cytoplasm
4. Two new strands twist together to form 2 identical double helixes