Cell Division

Question 1

One Chromosome

Answer 1

Coiled DNA wrapped around Histone proteins

Centromere: repeated sequences

Duplicated chromosome: 2 neeed for mitosis (sister chromatid)

Question 2

Interphase (1)

Answer 2

Biomoloecules produced: Nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), proteins, carbs

Preparation for mitosis: duplicated chromosomes DNA, organelles replicated, lots of ATP
Centrioles duplicated and spindle fibres form

Question 3

Prophase (2)

Answer 3

Nuclear membrane begins to break down
Chromosomes (with pairs of sister chromosomes) begin to condense,
2 centrioles migrate to opposite poles of cell
Spindle fibres form to extend centrioles

Question 4

Metaphase (3)

Answer 4

Chromosomes consisting of pair of sister chromatids meet in the middle

Spindle fibres from opposite poles attach to the sides of the centromere

Question 5

Anaphase

Answer 5

Sister chromatids pulled apart by spindle fibres to become daughter chromosomes (single leaf)

Question 6

Telophase

Answer 6

Spindle fibres disappear
Nuclear membrane form around 2 nuclei
Cleavage furrow then separate

Question 7

Haploid and diploid cells

Somatic vs Gametes

Answer 7

N=4 one set of chromosomes in the nucleus of cell

2n = 4 2 sets…

Somatic: not gametes, mitosis
Gamete: meiosis

Question 8

Functions of Mitosis and Cancer

Answer 8

Function of mitosis: growth and repair (not reproduction in single-cell organisms)

Cancer: mitosis is too fast/often
Genetic mutations is uncontrolled, forming a mass (tumor) benign or invade or cells (malignant)
Carcinogens

Question 9

Meiosis

Answer 9

-halves chromosomal number (2n - n)
4 daughter nuclei (not 2)
-genetic variation (not clones)