Chloroalkanes

Question 1

How many tetrahedral carbon compounds are studied as part of your course?

Answer 1

Three

Question 2

Name the three types of tetrahedral carbon compounds studied as part of your course.

Answer 2

Alkanes
Chloroalkanes
Alcohols

Question 3

What is a tetrahedral carbon atom?

Answer 3

A carbon surrounded by four single bonds

Question 4

Give an example of a chloroalkane used as an anaesthetic

Answer 4

Chloroform CHCl3

Question 5

What is the new name for chloroform?

Answer 5

trichloromethane

Question 6

Define a chloroalkane

Answer 6

A chloroalkane is a compound in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms in an alkane molecule have been replaced by chlorine atoms

Question 7

Describe the relationship between chloroalkanes and their corresponding alkanes.
(2)

Answer 7

The chloroalkanes have the same basic tetrahedral shape as the corresponding alkanes

Similar to the alkanes they are all saturated compounds

Question 8

Where are chloroalkanes usually found?
(2)

Answer 8

They are very rarely found naturally occurring

Most are synthesised in the laboratory

Question 9

What is the main use of chloroalkanes?

Answer 9

They are mainly used as solvents for removing oil and gease marks from machinery and in the dry cleaning of clothes

Question 10

Why are chloroalkanes suitable for cleaning fabrics?

Answer 10

These solvents are very suitable for modern fabrics as they remove oil, grease and other water-insoluble substances from the clothes without harming the fabric

Question 11

What chloroalkane is found in paint stripper?

Answer 11

It contains the solvent dichloromethane CH2Cl2

Question 12

Describe the polarity of the carbon-chlorine bond.

Answer 12

It has some polarity but not enough to allow the chloroalkanes to dissolve in water

Question 13

Why cant the carbon-chlorine bond not dissolve in water?

Answer 13

The bond has some polarity but not enough to allow the chloroalkanes to dissolve in water

Question 14

What can the carbon-chlorine bonds regularly dissolve in?

Answer 14

They can readily dissolve in non-polar solvents solvents such as cyclohexane and methylbenzene

Question 15

Give some examples of non-polar solvents that carbon-chlorine bonds can regularly dissolve in.
(2)

Answer 15

Cyclohexane

Methylbenzene

Question 16

If the chloroalkanes are liquid at room temperature then what state are the corresponding alkanes in?

Answer 16

They are gases

Question 17

Why are the alkanes gases at the same temperature when the chloroalkanes are liquid at room temperature?

Answer 17

This is caused by the polarity of the carbon-chlorine bond giving rise to intermolecular forces

Question 18

What intermolecular forces does the carbon-chlorine bond give rise to?

Answer 18

Van der Waals forces

Question 19

Explain why the chloroalkanes have higher boiling points as their carbon chains get longer.

Answer 19

The molecules with longer carbon chains have stronger van Der Waals forces between the molecules and this raises the boiling points as more energy is needed to overcome these forces

Question 20

What was discovered about some solvents containing chlorine in the 1980s?

Answer 20

Some solvents containing chlorine cause damage to the ozone layer

Question 21

What prefixes are used to indicate two and three chlorine atoms?

Answer 21

Di
Tri

Question 22

Name the compound CH3Cl

Answer 22

Chloromethane

Question 23

Name the compound CH2Cl2

Answer 23

Dichloromethane

Question 24

Name the compound CHCl3

Answer 24

Trichloromethane

Question 25

Name the compound CCl4

Answer 25

Tetrachloromethane

Question 26

Name the compound CH3CH2CH2Cl

Answer 26

1-chloropropane

Question 27

Name the compound CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl

Answer 27

1-chlorobutane