Chloramphenicol Flashcards
Bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
Bacteriostatic
MOA?
Binds reversibly to the 50S ribosomal subunit preventing protein synthesis
Also inhibits mitochondria at 70S of rapidly dividing mammalian cells
Spectrum?
G(+-) aerobes and anaerobes = broad
Effective against Rickettsia and Chlamydia
Resistance?
Not effective for Nocardia or Mycobacteria
Describe absorption, distribution and excretion?
A - high lipid solubility and 100% bioavailability after oral dosing
D - well distributed in all body parts and readily reaches therapeutic conc in the CNS/traverses placental membranes
E - in dogs 75-90% of oral admin is eliminated in 24hrs
What is an important consideration when using this drug on cats?
Cats tend to have a deficiency in glucuronide conjugation so drug accumulates
Adverse effects?
Can inhibit the ETC –> cytochrome C oxidase, ubiquinonrcytochrome c reductase and proton-translocating ATPase contributes to toxicity associated with this drug
Bone marrow suppression in animals especially cats
Does have interactions with P450 enzymes and can prolong half-lives of drugs that are metabolised by this system
Can this drug be used on food producing animals?
No
What are some drug in this category?
Florfenicol, Bacitracin, Novobiocin
What can Florfenicol cause?
Testicular atrophy in bulls
What is Florfenicol indicated for?
BRDC - RTI, pink eye, foot-rot
What is Bacitracin and Novobiocin indicated for?
G(+) microbes for topical application for skin ear and eye infections
