ChLapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How much water is covering the Southern Hemisphere

A

80%

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2
Q

Four large basins

A

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, arctic

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3
Q

What is the deepest and oldest basin

A

Pacific

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4
Q

Evolutionary Scientist believed the earth was created

A

4.5 billion years ago

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5
Q

Big Bang

A

Theory not fact

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6
Q

What allows water to stay liquid

A

Earth distance from sun

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7
Q

Core

A

Innermost layer solid inner core liquids outer core. Iron rich

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8
Q

Mantle

A

Middle layer semi plastic composition

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9
Q

Crust

A

Outermost layer thinning portion

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10
Q

Oceanic crust

A

Made up of dark colored mineral, basalt, enter than continental

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11
Q

Continental crust

A

Light colored granite construction mainly

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12
Q

Oceanic crust

A
3.0 g/cm density
Only about 5 lm or 3 miles thick 
Geologically young
Dark in color
Rich in iron and magnesium
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13
Q

Continental crust

A
2.7 g/cm density
20 to 50 km or 12 to 30 ,lies thick
Can be very old 
Light in color
Rich in sodium, potassium, calcium, and alimunim
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14
Q

Alfred wegner

A

Proper 1912 the continental drift

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15
Q

When did wegner propose Pangea started breaking

A

180 million years ago

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16
Q

Why wasn’t the continental drift accepted at the time

A

Wegner couldn’t explain how

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17
Q

What explains the how in we genres theory

A

Plate tectonics

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18
Q

Main features of plate tectonics

A

Earth surface covered by a series of crustal plates
Ocean floors are constantly moving spreading in center sinking in edges
Convection assist movement
Heat from mantle drives these currents

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19
Q

Mid oceanic ridges

A

Rise from ocean floor

A chin of submarine volcanic mountains

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20
Q

Transform faults

A

When a ridge is dispalced

21
Q

Sediment

A

Thicker away from ridges

22
Q

Geomagnetic anomalies

A

When magnetic field reverses

23
Q

When does new rock form

A

Magma re cools

24
Q

Island arcs

A

Chains of islands found in ocean generally pacific

25
Q

Where are island arcs usually located

A

Deep trenches on the continental side of them

26
Q

Pangea wa surrounded by a single world ocean

A

Panthalassa

27
Q

What sea separated Eurasia from Africa

A

The Tethys sea

28
Q

Hen where they in place

A

200 million years ago

29
Q

Hat began forming about 180 millions years ago

A

A rift between neith America and the combined continents of South America/ Africa

30
Q

What two large continents were formed from the ridge

A

Laurasia and Gondwana

31
Q

The ridge was the beginning of

A

The mid Atlantic ridge

32
Q

About 135 million years ago what began to form

A

A rift between South America and Africa

33
Q

The mid ocean ridge and north Atalantic formed

A

Mid Atalantic

34
Q

As the Atlantic Ocean grew the Americas were carried farther from

A

Eurasia and Africa

35
Q

Lithogenus sediment

A

Derived from the break down of rocks weathering

36
Q

Bio genus

A

Derived from the skeletons no shells of marine organism

37
Q

Bio genus sediment

A

Composed of microfossils can reveal information from past

38
Q

Ow can ocean temperature be determined from microfossils

A

By looking at the ratios of magnesium to calcium or by different ratios of oxygen isotopes

39
Q

What are the margins of continues

A

Boundaries between continental and oceanic crust

40
Q

Consist of

A

Continental shelf
Continental slope
Onto natal rise

41
Q

Continental shelf

A

8% of oceans surface area

42
Q

What is richest part of ocean

A

Continental shelf

43
Q

What van be thought of as the edge

A

Continental slope

44
Q

Continental slope is the

A

Steepest

45
Q

How is the continental rise formed

A

Sediments that have been pushed down from the continental shelf

46
Q

Underwater river delta

A

Continental rise

47
Q

Passive margins

A

Relatively inactive geologically
Flat, coastal plains, wide continental shelves an dgradually sloping continental,slopes
East coast of us

48
Q

Active margins

A

Sites of more intense geologic activity including earthquakes , volcNoes and trenches
Steep, rocky shorelines narrow continual shelves

49
Q

How much water covers the northern hemisphere

A

61%