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Marine > Chapter6 > Flashcards

Chapter6 Flashcards

1
Q

chlorophyta

A

Not masked with any other pigment in green algae

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2
Q

mangal

A

name for mangrove forest or thicket

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3
Q

sargassum

A

brown algae often found floating in water in the Atlantic Ocean

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4
Q

sporophyte

A

a stage in the alternation of generations of many macroalgae

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5
Q

spartina

A

the predominant salt marsh plant is in the grass family

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6
Q

phaeophyta

A

algae that include the largest and structurally most complex seaweeds

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7
Q

holdfasts

A

keeps algae attached to substrate

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8
Q

carrageenan

A

used as thickening agent in dairy products derived from red algae

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9
Q

mangroves

A

these are land plants that are salt tolerant

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10
Q

pneumatocysts

A

gas filled structures that keep some forms of algae floating near the surface

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11
Q

blades

A

the equivalent of leaves on a plant

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12
Q

chlorophyta

A

this type of algae mostly is found in fresh water

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13
Q

rhodophyta

A

group of algae that has the largest amount of species

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14
Q

stipe

A

similar to a stem on land plants

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15
Q

thallus

A

the entire body of macroalgae

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16
Q

seagrasses

A

true flowering marine plants

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17
Q

brown algae are dominant producers in which area

A

temperate rocky coasts

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18
Q

what is not used to characterize major groups of seaweed

A

the type of roots

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19
Q

holdfasts provide both an anchor and absorb nutrients and water supply for thallus?

A

falso

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20
Q

phaeophyta

A

has the LARGEST algae

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21
Q

giant kelp grows very slow and in deep water

A

falso

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22
Q

where is green algae generally found

A

rocks exposed to heavy wave action

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23
Q

what are found on upper levels of rocky coasts

A

red algae in dense clumps

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24
Q

rhodophyte coralline algae

A

partially responsible for adding calcium carbonate in the making of coral reefs

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25
Q

the process of meiosis in seaweeds will produce

A

a spore that produces a gametophyte

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26
Q

characteristic of flowering plants

A

leaves are present and sexually reproductive plants

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27
Q

algin is used as

A

a stabilizer and emulsifier in the diary industry

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28
Q

seagrasses are plants because

A
  1. photosynthetic 2. attach to sand 3. have chlorophyll 4. have specialized tissue that transport nutrients
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29
Q

how do sea grasses grow

A

in clusters interconnected with horizontal root like stems

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30
Q

cordgrasses of salt marshes

A
  1. belong to same family as sea grasses 2. tolerate total submergence in seawater 3. can excrete excess salt 4. provide habitat and breeding grounds
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31
Q

frost sets the northern limit of what

A

mangroves

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32
Q

most unique feature of mangrove as trees

A

they can grow directly in saltwater

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33
Q

what are salt marsh plants

A

plants bordering shallow bays and tidal creeks

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34
Q

predominant salt marsh plant in the grass family

A

spartina a.k.a cordgrass

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35
Q

when is spartina exposed to salt water

A

at high tide

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36
Q

important to young marine animals

A

spartina

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37
Q

main importance of spartina

A

when plants die back in winter and bacteria and fungus break the leaves down to detritus

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38
Q

what is detritus

A

a nutrient source for countless organisms

39
Q

how do spartina deal with salt excess

A

salt glands

40
Q

name this algae

A

acetabularia

41
Q

name this algae

A

caulurpa

42
Q

name this algae

A

codium

43
Q

name this algae

A

corallina

lithothamnion sp.

clacifying red algae important for binding and larval settlement

44
Q

name this algae

A

dictyota

45
Q

name this algae

A

fucus

46
Q

name this algae

A

goniolithon

47
Q

name this algae

A

halimeda

calcified

48
Q

name this algae

A

laminaria

49
Q

name this algae

A

macrocystis

50
Q

name this algae

A

padina

51
Q

name this algae

A

peyssonnelia

52
Q

name this algae

A

porphyra

53
Q

name this algae

A

sargassum

54
Q

name this algae

A

ulva

55
Q

name this algae

A

acetabularia

56
Q

name this algae

A

valonia

57
Q

name this algae

A

caulurpa

58
Q

name this algae

A

codium

59
Q

name this algae

A

corallina

60
Q

name this algae

A

dictyota

61
Q

name this algae

A

fucus

62
Q

name this algae

A

goniolithon

63
Q

name this algae

A

halimeda

64
Q

name this algae

A

laminaria

65
Q

name this algae

A

macrocystis

66
Q

name this algae

A

padina

67
Q

name this algae

A

peyssonnelia

68
Q

name this algae

A

porphyra

69
Q

name this algae

A

ulva

70
Q

name this algae

A

valonia

71
Q

what are marine plants limited by

A

light availability and depth

grow mostly between intertidal zone and 30 m

72
Q

what form the base of the food chain in marine life

A

marine algae and seagrasses

73
Q

what do they provide

A

food, oxygen, and habitat

covert light carbon dioxide, and nutrients into plant material

74
Q

along with lacking true roots, stem, leaves, and flowers what else to algae lack

A

rhixomes

75
Q

name marine flowering plants

A

magnoliophytae and angiospermae

76
Q

what do marine flowering plants have

A

vascular tissue

stiffness and structure such as roots and leaves

produce flowers and seeds

grass like

grass like color

77
Q

turtle grass

A

thalassia testudinum

wide leaf blades with rounded top, and deep root

green brown blades ( 0.5-2 cm wide), 35 cm tall

forms large seagrass meadows

78
Q

manatee grass

A

syringodium filiforme

long and narrow cylindrical leaves ( .01-.02cm wide) 10-35cm tall

pioneering species of disturbed areas

79
Q

shoal grass

A

halodule wrightii

smaller and shorter leaves; square top (.03cm wide and 5-25 cm tall)

pioneering species of disturbed areas

grows in very shallow water

80
Q

name the phyla and type of dominate species

A

red- rhizophora mangle

black-avicennia germinans

white- laguncularia racemosa

buttonwood- conocarpus erectus

81
Q

red mangroves

A

dominate- middle and lower portions of water

prop roots extend from trunk and penetrate into muick

reaches 25 cm

thin gray bark and dark red wood

leaves are long broad shiny and waxy

propagules- 30cm long

82
Q

black mangroves

A

predominate- upper intertidal and into higher elevations called high swamp

cable roots- come out from trunk just under the surface sending pneumatophores, snorkel roots

dark brown bark

narrow oblong shiny leaves with fine hairs

fine hair often encrusted with salt from pores

propagules- lima bean shape 2.5 cm long

83
Q

white mangrove

A

predominate- irregulary flooded higher elevation, can be found in intertidal zone

lack prop roots and pneumatophores

have peg roots

leaves are round oval and flattened

yellow green with reddish pink

has two salt glands(nectaries) at apex of petiole

propagules- are small 1 cm and pear shaped

84
Q

buttonwood

A

predominate- higher elevation where sand is found

not a true mangrove

lack prop roots and pneumatophores

scaly bark gray to dark brown

leaves are long and pointed

erectus leaves- green with little to no hairs

sericeus- silver with darker underside covered in hairs

85
Q

name the grove

A

black

86
Q

name the grove

A

buttonwood

87
Q

name the grove

A

red

88
Q

name the grove

A

white

89
Q

name the propagules

A

black

90
Q

name the propagules

A

buttonwood

91
Q

name the propagules

A

red

92
Q

name the propagules

A

white

93
Q
A

Marine (6 decks)

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