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Marine > Chapter 5 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Test Flashcards

1
Q

fossils found that date back 3.8 billion years

A

archaea

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2
Q

radiolarians and forams are examples of

A

protozoa

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3
Q

eukaryotic, heterotrophic, and mostly multicelluar?

A

fungi

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4
Q

shells made of calcium carbonate and exclusively marine

A

foraminfiferans

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5
Q

occur in variety of shapes including spirals, spheres, rods, and rings

A

bacteria

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6
Q

cytoplasmic extensions resulting in false feet

A

pseudopods

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7
Q

a two part shell with a top and bottom of silica

A

frustule

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8
Q

build shells made of organic debris

A

ciliates

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9
Q

store gentic information in the form of nucleic acid known as RNA

A

retroviruses

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10
Q

a group of photosynthetic bacteria

A

cyanobacteria

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11
Q

hair-like structures used for feeding in the tintinnids

A

cilia

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12
Q

symbiotic dinoflagellates that live within the tissues of coral

A

zooxanthellae

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13
Q

nucleic acid core with a protein coat

A

virus

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14
Q

when diatoms and dinoflagellates can go through periods or rapid growth due to high nutrients

A

blooms

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15
Q

sexual form of reproduction occurs through formation of an auxospore

A

diatoms

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16
Q

possess two flagella in grooves on body

A

dinoflagelletes

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17
Q

silicoflagellates and coccolithospores are examples of

A

protists

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18
Q

primary producers in the oceans are all microscopic photosynthesizers including bacteria, plants, and algae

A

false

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19
Q

viruses do not have

A

A nucleus

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20
Q

bacteriophages are:

A

lysogenic viruses that reproduce by targeting bacteria

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21
Q

prokaryotic cells have:

A

a cell wall

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22
Q

bacteria are particularly important in ecosystems because

A

many are decomposers/saprophytes and recycle essential nutrients

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23
Q

anaerobic bacteria generally

A

are heterotrophs

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24
Q

after ions of evolution on earth today one might find the archaea in which of the following habitats

A

hydrothermal vents

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25
Q

today cyanobacteria form a realtively minor component of the oceans primary producers

A

false

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26
Q

the calcareous mounds formed by the colonies of cyanobacteria that still survive in the shallows of the tropical ocean areas are called

A

stromatolities

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27
Q

sulfide-bacteria that carry on sulfur oxidation can usually be found in which location

A

mud flats

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28
Q

like most plants, unicellular algae generally have which of these features

A

chlorophyll

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29
Q

diatoms have a protective covering made out of which of the following materials

A

silica

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30
Q

diatomaceous earth is used industrially as a

A

filtering medium

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31
Q

asexual reproduction in diatoms usually results in

A

auxospores

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32
Q

dinoflagellates move using two flagella, one wrapped around a central grove, and the other one trailing free

A

true

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33
Q

which of the following organisims are often responsible for toxic red tides and for the diffuse bioluminescence of the open sea

A

dinoflagellates

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34
Q

some dinoflagellates become zooxanthellae that inhabit the tissues of which of these animals, forming generally beneficial partnerships

A

corals

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35
Q

foraminiferans are single cells that form chamberered calcareous shells

A

true

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36
Q

foraminiferans and radiolarians feed by

A

using a network of pseudopodia to trap food like amoeba

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37
Q

lichens are a type of fungus and a _________ thus they are considered autotrophic

A

algae

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38
Q

marine fungi may be common in which of these habitats

A

mangrove swamps

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39
Q

useful features for distinguishing between protistans include all of the following except

A

structure of the nucleus

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40
Q

besides being saprophytes bacteria are ecologically important because they also

A

can carry on nitrogen fixation

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41
Q

-noncellular -nucleic acide core -capsid(protein coat)

A

viruses

42
Q

capsids consist of

A

-numerous proteins subunits organized into rod like or many sided shapes -specific proteins that bind with receptors on host cells

43
Q

retroviruses

A

store genetic information in the form of nucleic acid known as RNA

44
Q

lysogenuc viruses

A

reproduce by inserting their DNA into the DNA of the host cell

45
Q

bacteriophages

A

viruses that infect bacteria

46
Q

viruses are common in__________, and infect _________,_____,____,_______

A

marine waters; bacteria, plankton, fish, sea turtules

47
Q

_____________ or bursting of viral infected cells spills contents and releases large amounts of ________ that can be used by other organisms

A

lysis; organic matter

48
Q

archaea and bacteria are

A

prokaryotes

49
Q

-prokaryotic -single chromosomes(some with plasmids) -most with cell wall -great metabolic diversity

A

bacteria and archaea

50
Q

what is usually extremophiles

A

archaea

51
Q

what does extremophiles mean

A

-live in extreme enviornments -tolerate wide ranges in temperatire, salinity and desiccation -can be found in hydrothermal vents and salt flats

52
Q

bacteria

A

cell wall is semi-rigid but permeable

53
Q

the break down of dead organic matter forms what which are what

A

detritus; minute particules of organic matter now available as nutrition for organisms

54
Q

chemosynthetic

A

derive energy from chemical compounds

55
Q

heterotrophs

A

derive energy from organic matter by respiration

56
Q

alga is

A

unicellular

57
Q

alga means

A

singular of algae

58
Q

algae is reffered to as__________ but ____________ exhibit animal like traits

A

plants; single celled algae

59
Q

diatoms are

A

-photosynthetic -tellow brown in color -most important primary producer on earth -solitary and unicellular -can form colonies

60
Q

why are diatoms yellow brown in color

A

photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll A and C and carotenoids

61
Q

what is the shell of silica called when are these found

A

frustule; diatoms

62
Q

what are frustulez

A

glassy shells in two halves

63
Q

how do diatoms remain bouyant

A

oil droplets

64
Q

most diatoms are_____________, around half of 12,000 know species are__________. stores excess energy as ____________ for bouyancy

A

planktonic; marine; oil

65
Q

what are the tiny pores on the shells used for

A

gas and nutrient exchange

66
Q

some diatoms produce what which is a.k.a _____________ which accumalte in the tissues of organisms

A

toxin; domic acid

67
Q

if the shellfish or other organism eat these toxic diatoms they can

A

become ill or die

68
Q

diatoms make

A

diatomaceous earth which is used in toothpaste

69
Q

diatoms produce by

A

cellular divison; cell divides and gets half of the frustule

70
Q

since the cell has to secrete the other half of the frustule whst hsppens

A

they get smaller so in order to regain full sixe they must produce sexually or caast off frustule and grow another one

71
Q

each dinoflagellate has a unique shape reinforced by

A

plates of cellulose

72
Q

dinoflagellates reproduce by

A

cellular divison

73
Q

bioluminescent

A

dinoflagellates

74
Q

zooxanthellae are important dinoflagellates becaue

A

they have symbiotic relationship with corals, sea anemones

75
Q

what is the phase without flagella called

A

non-motile

76
Q

a few dinoflagellates lack chloroplasts and live as

A

parasites

77
Q

pfiesteria

A

produces very serious toxins that can kill massive fish and harm shellfish

78
Q

where was pfiesteria discovered

A

outer banks in north carolina

79
Q

blooms are not harmful to marine organisms and people

A

FALSE

80
Q

these two are protist and unicellular algal

A

silicoflagellates and coccolithophores

81
Q

-found in marine communities -found on sandy or rocky bottoms -shells of calcium carbonate

A

foraminiferans

82
Q

foraminferans are

A

protozoa

83
Q

important contributors of calcareous material on coral reefs or sandy beaches

A

foraminferans

84
Q

radiolarians

A

-planktonic -shell of silica -use pseudopods like formainiferans

85
Q

also protozoa

A

ciliates

86
Q

ciliates

A

-use cilia for feeding and movement -live as solitary cells -some build shells made of organic debris -live on hard substrate

87
Q

fungi is

A

-eukaryotic -mostly mulitcelluar -heterotrophic -lack chlorophyll

88
Q

some fungus is symbiotic with cyanobacteria

A

lichens

89
Q

where do marine lichens usually live

A

wave splashed rocky shorelines

90
Q
A

archaea

91
Q
A

bacteria

92
Q
A

ciliates

93
Q
A

coccolithospores

94
Q
A

dinoflagellates

95
Q
A

diatoms

96
Q
A

foraminferans

97
Q
A

radilarians

98
Q
A

silicoflagellates

99
Q
A

viruses

100
Q
A

Marine (6 decks)

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