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Mammalogy Lab > Chiroptera > Flashcards

Chiroptera Flashcards

0
Q

Aspect ratio

A

Proportion of wing length to width

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1
Q

Characteristics of order Chiroptera

A

-powered flight -shoulder-locking mechanism -presence of calcar or uropatagial spur -elongate hand bones form wing -enlarged radius, reduced ulna -modified elbow -hip and knee rotated 180 -reduced premaxillae

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2
Q

High aspect ratio wings

A

Long Narrow Allow for sustained, relatively fast flight Seen in bats foraging high above ground in open habitat

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3
Q

Low aspect ratio wings

A

Short Wide Slower, more maneuverable flight Seen in bats foraging in dense understory veg

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4
Q

Uropatagium

A

Membrane between hind limbs that encloses the tail Highly variable Not directly used in flight but may act as stabilizer and contribute to lift

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5
Q

Shoulder lock mechanism

A

Greater tuberosity of humerus fits into scapula as wing comes up, upward rotation of humerus is stopped by acromion process of scapula To prevent hyper extension of shoulder on upstroke in flight

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6
Q

Echolocation: Mega- vs. Microchiroptera

A

Micro echolocate

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7
Q

Presence of postorbital process: Mega vs. Microchiroptera

A

Mega has postorbital process

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8
Q

Claw on second digit: Mega or Microchiroptera?

A

Megachiroptera

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9
Q

Tragus or anti-tragus well developed: Mega or Microchiroptera

A

Microchiroptera Possibly helps in echolocation

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10
Q

Facial ornamentation: Mega or Microchiroptera?

A

Microchiroptera May help in echolocation

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11
Q

Presence of tail/uropatagium: Mega or Microchiroptera?

A

Microchiroptera

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12
Q

Well-developed angular process on mandible: Mega or Microchiroptera?

A

Microchiroptera Megachiroptera have angular process absent or broad/low

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13
Q

Body size generally small: Mega or Microchiroptera

A

Microchiroptera

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14
Q

Suborder Megachiroptera

A

IC Eutheria O Chiroptera -postorbital process present -claw on second digit -reduced or absent tail/uropatagium -angular process absent or broad/low

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15
Q

Family Pteropodidae

A

Old World fruit bats IC Eutheria O Chiroptera sO Megachiroptera -Postorbital process present -Tail and uropatagium usually absent -Claw usually present on second digit -Tragus absent -Angular process on mandible absent or broad and low -locate food using olfaction -a few spp. echolocate using low freq sounds -tend to be larger than Microchiropterans -dentition contains large canines and elongate, basin-shaped cheekteeth —nectar-feeders: teeth reduced —insectivores: well-cusped

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16
Q

Suborder Microchiroptera

A

echolocating bats IC Eutheria O Chiroptera -postorbital process usually absent -tragus or anti-tragus well-developed in most -evident facial ornamentation -tail/uropatagium present in most -well-developed angular process on mandible -body size generally small

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17
Q

Family Emballonuridae

A

sheath-tailed or sac-winged bats IC Eutheria O Chiroptera sO Microchiroptera -No leaf-like structures on lips or chin -Tiny premaxillas do not meet medially -Tail extends halfway down uropatagium, often protruding from the dorsal edge -all insectivorous

18
Q

Family Megadermatidae

A

false vampire bats IC Eutheria O Chiroptera sO Microchiroptera -Upper canine large, projecting forward with a large secondary cusp -Large pinnae, rounded, connected across forehead with ridge of skin -Tragus present – uniquely bifurcated -Tail short or absent -No premaxilla or upper incisors

19
Q

Family Noctilionidae

A

bulldog or fish bats IC Eutheria O Chiroptera sO Microchiroptera -Ossified calcar -Huge hind feet with recurved claws -Uropatagium large, tail short -One pair of incisors; premaxillas meet medially -eat fish or insects

20
Q

Family Molossidae

A

free-tailed bats Local spp: Eumops perotis (Western mastiff bat) Nyctinomops femerosaccus (pocketed free-tailed bat) Tatarida brasiliensis (Mexican free-tailed bat) IC Eutheria O Chiroptera sO Microchiroptera -Tail always extends past uropatagium -No leaf on nose -Premaxillas meet medially -insectivorous -found in Old and New World

21
Q

Family Phyllostomidae

A

leaf-nosed bats Local spp: Choeronycteris mexicana (hog-nosed bat) Macrotus californicus (California leaf-nosed bat) IC Eutheria O Chiroptera sO Microchiroptera -All have nose leaves (but some are quite small) = usually simple and pointed -Tail entirely contained within uropatagium (except Macrotus) -relatively large eyes

22
Q

Family Rhinolophidae

A

horseshoe bats and noseleaf bats (Old World) IC Eutheria O Chiroptera sO Microchiroptera -No tragus present; possess antitragus -Nasal region of skull inflated like a balloon -Muzzle with prominent outgrowths and depressions -complex noseleaf

23
Q

Family Vespertilionidae

A

evening or vesper bats Local spp: Plecotus townsendii (Townsend’s long-eared bats) Antrozous pallidus (pallid bat) Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat) Euderma maculatum (spotted bat) Lasiurus species (hairy-tailed bat) Myotis species (mouse-eared bat) Pipistrellus hesperus (Western pipistrelle) IC Eutheria O Chiroptera sO Microchiroptera -Lack nose leaves -Uropatagium extends to tip of relatively long tail -Incisors small; premaxillae do not meet medially -generally insectivorous but some eat fish, small verts and fruit

24
Q

Plecotus townsendii

A

Townsend’s long-eared bats IC Eutheria O Chiroptera sO Microchiroptera F Vespertilionidae

25
Q

Antrozous pallidus

A

pallid bat IC Eutheria O Chiroptera sO Microchiroptera F Vespertilionidae

26
Q

Eptesicus fuscus

A

big brown bat IC Eutheria O Chiroptera sO Microchiroptera F Vespertilionidae

27
Q

Euderma maculatum

A

spotted bat IC Eutheria O Chiroptera sO Microchiroptera F Vespertilionidae

28
Q

Lasiurus species

A

hairy-tailed bat IC Eutheria O Chiroptera sO Microchiroptera F Vespertilionidae

29
Q

Myotis species

A

mouse-eared bats IC Eutheria O Chiroptera sO Microchiroptera F Vespertilionidae

30
Q

Pipistrellus hesperus

A

Western pipistrelle IC Eutheria O Chiroptera sO Microchiroptera F Vespertilionidae

31
Q

Eumops perotis

A

Western mastiff bat IC Eutheria O Chiroptera sO Microchiroptera F Molossidae

32
Q

Nyctinomops femerosaccus

A

pocketed free-tailed bat IC Eutheria O Chiroptera sO Microchiroptera F Molossidae

33
Q

Tatarida brasiliensis

A

Mexican free-tailed bat IC Eutheria O Chiroptera sO Microchiroptera F Molossidae

34
Q

Choeronycteris mexicana

A

hog-nosed bat IC Eutheria O Chiroptera sO Microchiroptera F Phyllostomidae

35
Q

Macrotus californicus

A

California leaf-nosed bat IC Eutheria O Chiroptera sO Microchiroptera F Phyllostomidae

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Mammalogy Lab (5 decks)

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