Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mammalogy Lab > Basal eutheria > Flashcards

Basal eutheria Flashcards

1
Q

Family Chrysochloridae

A

golden mole

IC Eutheria
SO Afrotheria
O Afrosoricida

  • Conical skull
  • Complete zygomatic arch
  • Molars have a narrow V-shaped cusp pattern
  • Has auditory bulla
  • No external eyes
  • No pinnae
  • Forefoot with large claws on 2 or 3 digits
  • fossorial, adapted to live entirely underground
  • Ethiopian
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of these is the most fossorial and why?
semi-fossorial shrew
fossorial mole
golden mole

A
  • golden mole seems to be the most fossorial:
  • -no external eyes
  • -no pinnae
  • -forefoot with large claws on 2 or 3 digits, lots of room for muscle attachment on forelimbs
  • -adapted to live entirely underground
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Family Macroscelididae

A

elephant shrew

IC Eutheria
SO Afrotheria
O Macroscelidea

  • Complete zygomatic arch
  • Quadrate molars
  • Postorbital bar never complete
  • Shrew-like skull except has complete bullae
  • long, flexible snout, poor olfaction
  • insectivores
  • diurnal = well-developed eyes

-Ethiopian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Family Orycteropodidae

A

aardvark

IC Eutheria
SO Afrotheria
O Tubilidentata

  • Homodont cheekteeth
  • Rootless, evergrowing columnar cheekteeth, lacking enamel
  • –made up of hexagonal prisms of dentine
  • –held together with cementum
  • –no I’s or C’s
  • No incisors or canines
  • Complete zygomatic arch
  • Elongate skull with long, protrusile tongue
  • insectivores
  • Ethiopian
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Family Elephantidae

A

elephant

IC Eutheria
SO Afrotheria
O Proboscidea

  • Graviportal limbs
  • Trunk
  • 24 teeth replaced from back to front
  • –extremely hypsodont, deep lophs = highly adapted for grazing and eating rough vegetation
  • –mammoths have a similar method of tooth replacement
  • –mastodons replace teeth in typical mammalian fashion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Family Procavidae

A

hyrax

IC Eutheria
SO Afrotheria
O Hyracoidea

  • incisors are rodent-like
  • –Upper incisors triangular in cross-section with enamel on front
  • –Tricuspid lower incisors
  • Canines absent
  • Mesaxonic foot (weight-bearing axis passes through an enlarged 3rd digit)
  • postorbital process formed by parietal bones (not frontals as in most other mammals)
  • originated in Africa with early proboscideans and sirenians = close relationship despite extreme morphological differences between modern forms
  • Ethiopian
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Order Sirenia

A

manatee and dugong

IC Eutheria
SO Afrotheria

  • Fusiform body shape
  • Flipper-like forelimbs
  • Dense bones (pachyostotic)
  • –increase body mass to help regulate buoyancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Family Trichechidae

A

manatee

IC Eutheria
SO Afrotheria
O Sirenia

  • No incisors but functional cheek teeth
  • Cheekteeth each have two transverse ridges
  • Premaxillae small
  • Nasals present
  • Tail rounded
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Family Dugongidae

A

dugong

IC Eutheria
SO Afrotheria
O Sirenia

  • 1 upper incisor
  • Simple columnar cheekteeth
  • Premaxillae large
  • No nasal bones
  • Tail fluke dolphin like (notched)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Xenarthrous articulations

A
  • extra articulation surfaces

- brace trunk vertebrae = add rigidity to axial skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Family Dasypodidae

A

armadillo

IC Eutheria
SO Xenarthra
O Cingulata

  • Homodont cheek teeth
  • Elongate skull
  • Zygomatic arch complete
  • Body covered in horny (keratinized) scutes
  • Tibia/fibula fused with expanded muscle insertions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is the aramdillo skeleton adapted for digging?

A

-large area for attachment of muscles used in digging

  • large processes on the humerus
  • spines on the scapula
  • long olecranon process on the ulna
  • panniculus carnosus: attaches to pelvis and pectoral girdle
  • –when contracted draws both ends of the body together like a clam shell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Order Pilosa

A

IC Eutheria
SO Xenarthra

Families:
Myrmecophagidae (anteaters)
Bradypodidae (3-toed sloths)
Megalonychidae (2-toed sloths)

  • Incisors and canines lacking
  • Cheek teeth lack enamel
  • Xenarthrous articulations of the vertebrae
  • Expanded ischium (pelvis)
  • Well-developed coracoid and acromion processes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Family Myrmecophagidae

A

anteater

IC Eutheria
SO Xenarthra
O Pilosa

  • Edentate (toothless)
  • Elongated downward sloping skull
  • Incomplete or absent zygomatic arch
  • Can you dig it?

-Neotropical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Family Bradypodidae

A

3-toed sloth

IC Eutheria
SO Xenarthra
O Pilosa

  • Short skull
  • Evergrowing cup-like teeth
  • Incomplete zygomatic arch
  • Forked jugal
  • 3 digits on forefeet
  • 8-9 cervical vertebrae
  • condyle taller than tooth row

sloths in general:

  • chambered stomach
  • algae grows in fur = camoflauge
  • Neotropical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Family Megalonychidae

A

2-toed sloth

IC Eutheria
SO Xenarthra
O Pilosa

  • Longer skull
  • Incomplete zygomatic arch
  • Forked jugal
  • Caniniform premolar and a condyle (carnivoran-like arrangement
  • Cup-like teeth
  • 2 digits on forefeet
  • 5-8 cervical vertebrae

sloths in general:

  • chambered stomach
  • algae grows in fur = camoflauge
  • Neotropical
17
Q

Family Erinaceidae

A

hedgehog

IC Eutheria
SO Laurasiatheria
O Erinaceomorpha

  • Zygomatic arch complete
  • Bunodont molars.
  • Pinnae present and well-developed
18
Q

Family Soricidae

A 
shrew
Local spp:
Notiosorex crawfordi (Desert Shrew)
Sorex monticolus
Sorex ornatus
Sorex trowbridgii

IC Eutheria
SO Laurasiatheria
O Soricomorpha

  • Molars with W-shaped cusp pattern
  • –last 4 teeth molariform (P4-M3)
  • –teeth between I and P4 are called unicuspid
  • No zygomatic arch
  • Incisors large and specialized with extra cusps
  • –first tooth is an I with two cusps
  • –lower I’s projected forward to meet upper I’s for nabbing invert prey
  • –dark pigmentation: iron incorporated into enamel
  • includes one of world’s smallest mammals
  • very high metabolism
  • ring-shaped tympanic bone attached to malleus (inner ear bone)
  • lack auditory bulla
19
Q

Notiosorex crawfordi

A

desert shrew

IC Eutheria
SO Laurasiatheria
O Soricomorpha
F Soricidae

-upper jaw only has 3 unicuspid teeth

20
Q

Sorex monticolus

A

long-tailed shrew

IC Eutheria
SO Laurasiatheria
O Soricomorpha
F Soricidae

  • Medial cusp on upper incisor
  • 3rd unicuspid about ½ size of 2nd
21
Q

Sorex ornatus

A

long-tailed shrew

IC Eutheria
SO Laurasiatheria
O Soricomorpha
F Soricidae

  • Medial cusp on upper incisor
  • only edge/tips of upper incisors pigmented
22
Q

Sorex trowbridgii

A

long-tailed shrew

IC Eutheria
SO Laurasiatheria
O Soricomorpha
F Soricidae

  • No medial cusp on upper incisor
  • pigment on significant portion of upper incisor
  • 3rd unicuspid just slightly smaller than 2nd unicuspid
23
Q

Family Talpidae

A 
mole, desman, shrew mole
Local spp:
Neurotrichus gibbsii (shrew mole)
Scapanus latimanus (broad-footed mole)
Scapanus orarius (coast mole)
Scapanus townsendi (Townsend's mole)

IC Eutheria
SO Laurasiatheria
O Soricomorpha

  • Molars with W-shaped cusp pattern
  • Zygomatic arch complete.
  • 1st incisor simple, directed downward and backward
  • Blocky humerus (almost as wide as long), articulates with scapula and clavicle
  • keeled sternum
  • Forefoot projects outward and backward with elbow rotating up.
  • Broad paddle-like forefoot (falciform bone)
24
Q

Neurotrichus gibbsii

A

shrew mole

IC Eutheria
SO Laurasiatheria
O Soricomorpha
F Talpidae

  • long hands
  • more primative
  • unevenly spaced teeth
25
Q

Scapanus latimanus

A

broad-footed mole

IC Eutheria
SO Laurasiatheria
O Soricomorpha
F Talpidae

  • broad hands
  • unevenly spaced unicuspids
  • light gray/brown
26
Q

Scapanus orarius

A

coast mole

IC Eutheria
SO Laurasiatheria
O Soricomorpha
F Talpidae

  • broad hands
  • wider spaced unicuspids
  • no distinct maxillary ridge
  • black/chocolate fur
27
Q

Scapanus townsendi

A

Townsend’s mole

IC Eutheria
SO Laurasiatheria
O Soricomorpha
F Talpidae

  • broad hands
  • wider spaced unicuspids
  • distinct maxillary ridge
  • black/chocolate fur
28
Q

Family Manidae

A

pangolin

IC Eutheria
SO Laurasiatheria
O Pholidota

  • Edentate
  • Smooth, conical skull
  • Complete zygomatic arch
  • Overlapping scales (keratinized epidermis) = protection
  • Large, recurved claws
  • roll into a tight ball when alarmed (panniculus carnosus)
  • long tongue muscle attached to pelvis

Mammalogy Lab (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions