China open note test Flashcards
why is the yellow river yellow?
Because of the loess which is a yellowish gray silt deposit
what is loess?
a yellowish gray silt deposit that builds up deltas causing the river to change course therefore the river is called the river sorrow also because it killed millions of people
What are oracle bones and what do they show about the Shang dynasty?
they are bones or stones used to write oracles on, this shows us that the Shang had writing and believed in oralces
What is the mandate of heaven?
It says that heaven chose the ruling dynasty to rule, it was used to justify the rule of the dynasty
The mandate of heaven was a double sided sword meaning?
That it gave the dynasty the right to rule, but the people the right to rebel
Who was Qin shihuangdi and what did he do?
He was the leader of the qin dynasty and he built roads and canals, started the great wall to keep out foreigners, qin’s tomb, terra cotta warriors, simplified Chinese writing, standardized measurements weights axels and money
What is the great wall of china and why was it built, and who built it?
The great wall of china is a barrier to stop the foreigners from invading china- started by qin dynasty then rebuilt by ming
What is daoism and who created it?
Daoism is a religion that says to retreat to nature and uses nature to study how life works, also it talks a lot about Chi: the flow of everything, this religion was created by Laozi
What is confucianism and who created it?
Confucianism is a philosophy saying to respect your elders and goes emperor and then your parents (dad before mom) talks about filial piety the duty of the child to the parent this was created by Confucius Li
What is filial piety?
The duty of the child to the parent
What was the silk road?
The silk road found by Zhang Qian and was used to trade many spices and other things to
Who was the person who united the mongols and took over most of Eurasia?
Genghis Khan
Who were the rulers during the Yuan dynasty?
The mongols they were the first foreign dynasty
Why did the Yuan dynasty fall?
Because they attacked Japan and there ships were not good enough and every time there was a Tsunami and they all died
Who was Kublai Khan?
The first ruler of the Yuan dynasty
Why did Kublai Khan hire foreign workers?
Because he did not trust the Chinese and thought they would rebel
Who was Marco polo?
He was an explorer who traveled the silk road and worked for Kublai Khan in the palacce
What happened when Marco Polo returned to Venice?
The people rioted against him thinking he was lying because they thought all of his stories were fake
What is a phrase created by Genghis Khan meaning peace among the mongols?
Pax Mongolica
What is the Queue order?
The mandatory hair style of the manchus
What is the civil service exam?
It is an exam that people take to get a spot in the government as a scholar or official
Can anyone take the civil service exam?
no you have to be recommended to
Who was the first woman emperor and diversified China: brought in Buddhism and other religions?
Wu Zetian
What is a policy of being isolated from other countries and outside political affairs?
Isolationism
Who was Zheng He?
He was a Chinese explorer that worked under the yongle emperor and took 7 voyages he took these voyages to show how great china was
What was the Taiping rebellion?
A rebellion lead by Hong Xiuquan who rebelled along the Qing dynasty to get a christian heavenly kingdom of peace, he got 10,000 followers and they took Nanjing (he believed he was the son of god because he had a dream about tigers and demons)
What does yongle mean?
forever happy
who was the wu di emperor?
The emperor in the Han dynasty who worked with Zhang Qian and found the silk road
Who was Sun Yat Sen
He was known as “the father of modern china,” he was a western educated person who believed in a democracy for china and formed the nationalist party
Why did the Qing fall?
Loss of Opium wars, European imperialism, Cixi would not build a military- the last emperor was 3 and did not know what to do all countries were taking advantage of China because of internal breakdown
Why were the opium wars fought and who was fighting?
Chinese were fighting the British because the British kept on importing opium and China out a ban on it so the British fought them for the right to sell opium
Who won the opium wars and why?
The British because the Chinese were so behind from the isolationism
Who tried to stop the opium wars and wrote the letter to queen Victoria?
Li xi zu
What was the garden started by the Qing dynasty and burned by the french that took 150 years to build?
Yuan Ming Yuan
What is a person who lives in a commune, has equal pay gets equal money and has to eat, and live with the rest of its commune?
A communist
What is strict law and punishment?
Legalism
Who created legalism?
Yang Shang
What was the may 4th movement?
It was a group of student protestors who rebelled against the government because of the bad deal they got in the Versailles treaty
What was the versailles treaty?
The treaty that settled WW1, china did not get much of their land back, so they were unhappy and the students rebelled causing the May 4th movement
Who was the first leader of the communist party and created the worst famine in history?
Mao Zedong
What were 2 positive things and two negative things Mao Zedong did?
Positive: Abolished foot binding, and since everyone was equal there was less crime
Negative: Cultural revolution, and Great leap forward
What movement triggered the Chinese civil war?
The northern expedition
Who were the nationalists?
A group of people who started the idea of a democracy and wanted to westernize china for good
What was the northern expedition?
When Chiang Kai shek lead his troops across the north to defeat the warlords of china this got the communists mad
What was the long march?
When the Communists had to take a retreat from the Kuomintang and went on a series of marches that lasted 1 year
What did KMT stand for?
Kuomingtang
Who was Chiang Kai shek?
He lead the nationalist party along with Sun Yat Sen when Sun Yat Sen died Chiang Kai shek took over as leader and lead the nationalists into battle with the communists except for they lost
What was the Nanjing massacre?
Where two Japanese imperialists wanted to see who could kill more people instead they went to China and murdered thousands of people
What was when Mao forced the people to “industrialize and modernize,” by forcing the people to make tons of grain and food, then the government took 80% of it and caused the greatest famine of all time?
The great leap forward
What was the cultural revolution?
When Mao Zedong tried to make China modern therefore he killed scholars, teachers, people with old ideas, doctors, and made the students his army, so there would only be new and modern ideas in China
Who were the group of students that Mao made them there army men and had to kill old people with knowledge of old ideas?
The red guards
What was the Chinese civil war?
The war between the nationalist and the communist parties caused by the Northern expedition, the nationalist wanted western style democracy the communist party wanted equal everything among everyone (everyone eats and lives together and gets equal money)
Who was the leader after Mao Zedong?
Deng XiaoPing
What caused the Tiananmen square massacre?
The student protestors, protesting because they wanted to speak to the government because they wanted more freedom and freedom of the press
What happened at the Tiananmen square massacre?
Because of the student protestors, the Chinese government opened fire among the protestors because they did not leave by June 4th which was the date the government said they had to get out by
during the yuan rule what did the europeans enjoy along the silk road?
Cheaper spices
How did isolationism help get columbus to find America?
Because he went the other way thinking it would lead him to India, but he found America instead
Pros and cons of isolationism?
Pros: Get more people to come to them, would not get stuck in war, do not have to be tangled up in outside political affairs
Cons: You would fall behind in technology, then you would loose your wars, then more people would attack because of how weak your country is
