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China Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

The Map of Chinese Wine Region

A
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2
Q

Vitis Amurensis species

A

– a cold-resistant species
– also known as the mountain grape
– widely used in crossings with vinifera to breed varieties which can survive below -20 °C

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3
Q

Examples of ‘Bei’ wine grape varieties

A

– Beichun北醇,
– Beihong北红,
– Beimei北玫

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4
Q

the cold-resistant ‘Bei’ varieties were bred in Beijing in 1954 by crossing between:

A

‘Muscat humberg’ (V. vinifera) × (V. Amurensis)

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5
Q

Carmenère in China

A

Cabernet Gernischt

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6
Q

Four main wine regions of Xinjiang

A

– Yili River Valley
– Tianshan Mountain North
– Yanqi Basin
– Turpan

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7
Q

The second largest desert in China

A

– Gurbantünggüt Desert
– Situated north of Tianshan Mountain North

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8
Q

Bosten Lake

A

Situated in Yanqi Basin, one of the four main wine region in Xinjiang

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9
Q

Which one has the least continental climate among all the wine regions in Xinjiang

A

Yili River Valley

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10
Q

Two Georgian varieties growed in Xinjiang wine regions

A

Rkatsiteli and Saperavi
– heat-resistant grape varieties

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11
Q

Countries with the world biggest vineyard planting

A
  1. Spain 961,000 ha
  2. France 797,000 ha
  3. China 785,000 ha
  4. Italy 719,000 ha
  5. Turkey 431,000 ha
  6. USA 405,000 ha

China — the world’s third largest vineyard area (after SPAIN and FRANCE), albeit mostly planted to TABLE GRAPES.

(Upto 2021 by Forbes)

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12
Q

Native grape species in China

A

– Vitis amurensis (Liaoning province)
– Vitis thunbergii (Shandong and Jiangxi provinces)
– Vitis heyneana (Guangxi province)
– Vitis davidii (Jiangxi and Hunan provinces)

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13
Q

When is modern wine history in China begin?

A

As recently as the late 19th century

But the industry remained highly unsophisticated until after 1978 when China opened again to the outside world.

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14
Q

Name the oldest and largest winery in China

A

– Changyu winery
In Yantai, founded in 1892 by Zhang Bishi

– Zhang introduced Cabernet Sauvignon and over 100 vinifera varieties from Europe

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15
Q

Name the China’s first ‘château-style’, wine estate

A

– Huadong Vineyard
In Qingdao, founded in 1985

– The first wine estate to plant and produce varietal and vintage-dated wines

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16
Q

Name few Chinese family-own wineries and foreign-own wineries

A

Chinese family-owned wineries
– Silver Heights (Ningxia)
– Tiansai Skyline (Xinjiang)
– Longting (Shandong)

Foreign-own wine companies
– Helan Mountain (Ningxia)
– Domaine Chandon (Ningxia) and Ao Yun (Yunnan)
– Domaine de Long Dai (Shandong)

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17
Q

The latitude of viticultural areas in China?

A

Most viticultural areas are in a band at latitude 33-40° N

There is one exception for Southern wine district which is located between 25°N and 30°N latitude
(Low-Latitude and High-Altitude wine regions)

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18
Q

The region with the largest wine grape production in China

A

In Xinjiang (over 20% of vineyard area)

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19
Q

Ice wine production area in China

A

– In North China (East) Wine District
For example, Liaoning province

– Mainly produced by Petit Manseng

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20
Q

Overall climate pattern in China

A

Winters:
can be extremely arid and cold.

Summer and Autumn:
the monsoon rains bring high humidity resulting in fungal diseases and rot.

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21
Q

Which area the European styles of vine training can be applied

A

European styles of vine training can be seen only where winter protection is unnecessary for vines.

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22
Q

Primary water source in Xinjiang

A

– Tianshan snow-capped mountains
– Bosten Lake

Despite of the lowest natural rainfall (around 80 mm)

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23
Q

Primary water source in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces

A

Mekong River

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24
Q

Primary water source of Ningxia province

A

Yellow River

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25
Q

Key aim of breeding new wine varieties

A

Cold-resistant species

26
Q

Crossing of Marselan

A

Cabernet Sauvignon x Grenache

– First planted in Hebei Province in 2001

27
Q

The largest wine producing region in China

A

– Yantai, in Shandong province
– contains over 140 wineries that produce 40% of Chinese wine.

28
Q

Color of grape that China mostly produce

A

– Black varieties
– account for over 80% of wine grape plantings
– Cabernet Sauvignon the most

29
Q

Characteristics of Marselan

A

Disease resistance, reliable yields, plentiful phenolics, deep color, fruity flavors, and sufficient body

30
Q

Mountain grape

A

Vitis amurensis

31
Q

Characteristics of Vitis amurensis

A

Due to its high acidity and bitterness, it is unsuitable for dry wines.

32
Q

Beibinghong

A

a more balanced hybrid—red grape variety—crossing between Vitis amurensis and Vitis vinifera

33
Q

Spine grape

A

Vitis davidii

34
Q

Characteristics of Vitis davidii

A

– excellent resistance to high temperatures, humidity, and fungal diseases
– suitable for growing in subtropical areas
– But it lacks sugar and acid, unsuitable for wine production.

35
Q

Pentagon-leafed grape

A

Vitis quinquangularis

36
Q

Characteristics of Vitis quinquangularis

A

– with high tolerance for elevated temperatures, humidity, and fungal diseases
– low in sugar content but high acidity and tannins

37
Q

Rose Honey

A

A hybrid grape, mainly in Yunnan Province

38
Q

Longyan

A

– known as “dragon’s eye”
– the most famous vinifera variety in China
– the signature grape for producing refreshing white wines (both still and sparkling), mainly in Hebei Province

39
Q

Common fungal disease founded in China

A

Downy mildew, powdery mildew and botrytis bunch rot
Grapevine white rot and Grape spot anthracnose

40
Q

Issues of low temperatures combined with low humidity in China’s viticulture

A

– leads to desiccation and eventually the death of the vines.

41
Q

Official GIs designation in China

A

– Shacheng Pu Tao Jiu GI (Hebei province)
– Huanren Bing Jiu GI (Liaoning province)
– Helanshan Dong Lu Pu Tao Jiu GI (Ningxia province)
– Yantai Pu Tao Jiu GI (Shandong province)

42
Q

Three main wine-producing regions in the Northwestern Zone

A

– Ningxia—East Foothill of Helan Mountain appellation
– Xinjiang wine reigons
– Gansu—Hexi Corridor region

43
Q

Desert in North China

A

– Gurbantünggüt Desert (north of Tianshan Mountain North)
– Tengger Desert (north of Helan Mountain)
– Gobi Desert (north of Loess plateau region)

44
Q

The largest wine area/region in China

A
  1. East Foothill of Helan Mountain (38,000 hectares)
  2. Xinjiang region (33,500 hectares)
  3. Yantai (19,500 hectares)
45
Q

The most planted grape varieties

A

Cabernet Sauvignon among reds
Chardonnay among whites

46
Q

Issues of high salinity in soils

A

– elevated salt levels can hinder normal water and nutrient uptake

Solution:
Grafting vines onto rootstocks resistant to high salinity

47
Q

Issues of naturally high potassium in soils

A

– results in elevated pH despite acid additions, leading to lower acidity in many Ningxia wines

48
Q

The primary water source of Hexi Corridor

A

Qilian snow-capped mountains

49
Q

The most esteemed subregion of Hexi Corridor

A

Wuwei,
– lies directly beneath the Qilian Mountains, benefiting from a desert climate that minimizes fungal disease pressure while ensuring sufficient grape ripening.

50
Q

Name a subregion within East Foothill of Helan Mountain appellation

A

Shizuishan, Jinshan, Zhenbeibu, Yuquanying, Qingtongxia, and Hongsipu (from north to south)

51
Q

The least continental climate among all Xinjiang’s wine regions

A

Yili River Valley
– uniquely influenced by humid Atlantic air

52
Q

a wine sub-region of Hebei province

A

Huailai
– the site of the first Marselan grapevine planted in China
– Petit Manseng also growing successfully

53
Q

Bohai Bay

A
54
Q

The highest number of old vines in China

A

Situated in eastern China, as it’s not necessary to bury vines over winter. This enhances the longevity and vitality of vines, with some exceeding 50 years in age

55
Q

Wine regions of Shandong province

A

Yantai and Qingdao

56
Q

The birthplace of the modern Chinese wine industry

A

In Yantai, the first commercial winery located

57
Q

Wine regions with significant plantings of Cabernet Gernischt

A

Yantai, Shandong

58
Q

Most esteemed wine-region in Northeast zone China

A

– Liaoning Huanren
– Jilin Tonghua

– The Changbai Mountain region spans the northern part, providing protection for vineyards

59
Q

Important lakes in China to moderate vineyards area

A

– Bosten Lake, Xinjiang
– Huanren Lake, Liaoning (for ice wine production)

60
Q

The altitudes of the Shangri-La vineyard start at

A

– at 1,500 m and ascend to 3,000 m
– Compared to Argentina, vineyards generally sit above 700 meters, with some reaching above 3,000 m

– Argentinian vineyards are often on plateaus,
– whereas Shangri-La’s terrain is dramatic, characterized by steep slopes and terraced agricultural lands.

61
Q

wine regions in Yunnan

A

Deqin and Mile

CMS 2025 (20 decks)

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