China

Question 1

why one child policy?

Answer 1

1959 -> 1961 Great Famine killed around 30 million people
population approached 1bn in late 1970s
previous efforts had not been effective so in 1979, one child policy put in place

Question 2

revisions

Answer 2

• local officials allowed to make exceptions
• rural exceptions if first child was a daughter
• 2007, only 36% of population subjected to strict one child limit

Question 3

2CP (end of one child policy)

Answer 3

2016 - 2021
FR and BR continued to fall due to worries about childcare, costs and careers

Question 4

three child policy

Answer 4

2021 -
gov. would address economic reasons as to why couples were hesitant to have more children
however, in 2022 pop. fell from 2021

Question 5

Successes

Answer 5

• approx 400 million births prevented
• fertility rate 6 in 1979 to 1.23 in 2020
• never been a famine since
• between 1981-2010, % of Chinese population living in extreme poverty from 88% to less than 2%

Question 6

Failures

Answer 6

• reduced size of Chinas labour force
• ageing population; by 2050 is estimated that quarter of pop over 65
• significant gender imbalance; in 2022, 105.2 males for every 100 females