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ECE Intr > Children with special needs > Flashcards

Children with special needs Flashcards

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Early Childhood Education flashcards
1
Q

What causes disabilities in children?

A

It can be the result of accidents or congenital

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2
Q

What are the types of children with special needs?

A
  • Physical disabilities
  • Learning disabilities
  • Gifted and talented children
  • Abused and neglected children
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3
Q

How do congenital abnormalities affect a person?

A

It can affect a baby’s look, and the way they develop or function

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4
Q

When do congenital abnormalities occur?

A

Normally during foetal development before birth

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5
Q

What causes congenital abnormalities?

A

Either genetic or environmental causes

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6
Q

What kind of diagnostic test can detect chromosomal and genetic related congenital abnormalities?

A

Amniocentesis

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7
Q

What are the five categories of congenital abnormalities?

A
  • Chromosomes abnormalities
  • Single gene abnormalities
  • Condition during pregnancies that affect the baby
  • Combination of genetics and environmental problems
  • Unknown causes
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8
Q

How can a child’s development be delayed by disabilities?

A

A child unable to move will not be able to explore their environment freely, hence inhibiting them to communicate easily and understand the necessary information for cognitive development

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9
Q

What are the examples of physical disabilities?

A
  • Cerebral palsy
  • Muscle dystrophy (MD)
  • Spina bifida
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10
Q

What is cerebral palsy?

A

Conditions that affect movement and posture. It could range from mild stiffness of one arm and leg to movement problems in all four limbs together with learning, vision and hearing difficulties

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11
Q

What causes cerebral palsy?

A

Damage to the part of the brain that controls muscle coordination

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12
Q

What is muscle dystrophy?

A

A genetic disorder that causes the body muscle to weaken as the body is unable to make the proteins needed to build and maintain healthy muscles

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13
Q

What happens to a child with muscle dystrophy?

A

They will gradually lose their ability to do things and this increasing weakness will lead to other health problems

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14
Q

What is spina bifida?

A

A disorder caused by the incomplete development of the spinal cord or its coverings. Part of the spinal cord was left unprotected and became damaged. Children with this can only walk with the aid of crutches

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15
Q

Why do children with learning disabilities require more assistance from teachers?

A

They are unable to try harder, pay closer attention or improve motivation on their own

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16
Q

Do children with learning problems have issues with intelligence?

A

No, the way the brain receives, processes and communicates information is just different

17
Q

What problem do adults and children with learning problems face?

A

They have problem processing sensory information because they see, hear and understand things differently from others

18
Q

What are the three federal laws applied to children with special needs?

A
  • The individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA) (1975)
  • Section 504 of the rehabilitation act of 1973
  • The Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)
19
Q

What are the types of diabilities? (motor, maths, language and reading difficulties)

A
  • Motor difficulties with learning disabilities
  • Maths difficulties with learning disabilities
  • Language difficulties with learning disabilities
  • Reading difficulties with learning disabilities
  • Writing difficulties with learning disabilities
20
Q

Why are the ears and eyes important?

A

They deliver information to the brain. If either are not functioning properly, learning can suffer and there is a greater risk of a learning disability

21
Q

What are auditory processing skills / receptive language and why is it important?

A

The ability to read, write and spell greatly depend on how well they hear things correctly

22
Q

What happens when children are unable to differentiate sounds or hear them at the wrong speed?

A

They will have difficulties in sounding out words

23
Q

What are the common types of learning disabilities?

A
  • Dyslexia
  • Difficulty with fine motor skills
  • Difficulty hearing differences between sounds
  • Dyspraxia (Sensory integration disorder)
  • Auditory processing disorder
  • Visual processing disorder
24
Q

What is dyslexia?

A

Difficulty processing language

25
Q

What are the problems associated with dyslexia?

A

Problems reading, writing, spelling, speaking

26
Q

What happens when a child has difficulty with fine motor skills?

A

Difficulty with math

27
Q

What are the problems associated with difficulty in fine motor skills?

A

Problems doing math problems, understanding time, using money

28
Q

What happens when a child has difficulty with hearing differences between sounds?

A

Difficulty with writing

29
Q

What are the problems associated with difficulty in hearing differences between sounds?

A

Problems with handwriting, spelling, organising ideas

30
Q

What is dyspraxia?

A

Developmental co-ordination disorder: sensory integration disorder
Difficulty with fine motor skills

31
Q

What are the problems associated with dyspraxia?

A

Problems with hand-eye coordination, balance, manual dexterity

32
Q

What is the auditory processing disorder?

A

Difficulty hearing differences between sounds

33
Q

What are the problems associated with auditory processing disorder?

A

Problems with reading, comprehension, language

34
Q

What is the visual processing disorder?

A

Difficulty interpreting visual information

35
Q

What are the problems associated with visual processing disorder?

A

Problems with reading, maths, maps, charts, symbols, pictures

36
Q

What is dyscalculia?

A

A specific and persistent difficulty in understanding numbers which can lead to difficulties with mathematics

37
Q

What is the general behaviour of gifted and talented children?

A
  • Learns to read before entering school and have a better comprehension of the nuances of language
  • Often reads a lot with more intense and speed, having a large collection of vocabularies
  • Easily learns basic skills with hardly any practice
  • Better in constructing and handling abstractions
  • Picks up and interprets nonverbal cues easily
  • Able to draw inferences that other children need to have spelled out for them
  • Don’t take things for granted and always seek the hows and whys
  • Can work independently at an earlier age and concentrate for longer periods
  • Very intense in their interest and will look for information from diverse sources
  • Often have boundless energy that sometimes get misdiagnoses them as hyperactive children
  • Usually responds and relates well to parents, teachers and other adults. May prefer the company of older children and adults​
  • Likes to learn new things and are very inquisitive. They like to examine the unusual
  • Tackles tasks and problems in a well-organised, goal-directed and efficient manner
  • Exhibits an innate motivation to learn, explore and often persistent, preferring to do things by themselves
38
Q

What are the learning characteristics of talented and gifted children?

A
  • Very observant and have a sense of significance
  • Has​ an eye for important details
  • Likes reading, older children preferring books and magazines
  • Likes intellectual activities
  • Very good at abstraction, conceptualisation and synthesis
  • Easily sees cause-effect relationships
  • Likes asking questions and seeking information for their own interest or for its usefulness
  • Very skeptical, critical and evaluative, easily spotting inconsistencies
  • Has a lot of knowledge on various topics, which they can easily recall
  • Easily understands underlying & often easily makes generalisations about events, people or objects
  • Easily detects similarities, differences and anomalies
  • Easily breaks complicated material into separate components and systematically analyses it
39
Q

What are the creative characteristics of gifted and talented children?

A
  • Good thinkers able to generate possibilities, consequences or related ideas
  • Easily uses information and turns it into new, unusual or unconventional associations and combinations
  • Divergent thinkers that can solve problems using different alternatives and creative approaches
  • Can make relationships or patterns among unrelated objects, ideas or facts
  • Can elaborate on basic ideas to produce new steps, ideas, responses or other embellishments
  • Easily solves complex problems and thrives on problem solving
  • Good guessers that can readily construct hypotheses or what if questions
  • Aware of their own impulsiveness and irrationality, showing emotional sensitivity
  • Extremely curious about objects, ideas, situations or events
  • Often displays intellectual playfulness, liking to fantasise and imagine
  • Can be less intellectually inhibited than their peers in expressing opinions and ideas, often disagreeing with other peoples statements
  • Sensitive to beauty and are attracted to aesthetic values

ECE Intr (10 decks)

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