Children with Disabilities Flashcards
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?
A lifelong developmental disorder which affects how people communicate and interact with the world
It is a spectrum so everyone is a little different with it
What do people with autism have difficulties with?
Social communication
Social interaction
repetitive and restrictive behaviour
Anxiety
Sensory issues
What chromosome does Down Syndrome affect?
21
There is an extra copy of one of these chromosomes
What dental features are common in individuals with down syndrome?
Maxillary hypoplasia
Class III occlusion
Anterior open bite
Hypodontia/microdontia
Predisposition to periodontal disease
What are the 3 main types of cerebral palsy?
Spastic
Ataxic
Dyskinetic
What is spastic cerebral palsy?
What area of the brain is affected?
An increase in muscle tone
This means their muscles are stiff, making movements awkward
Diplegia- muscle stiffness in the legs
Hemiplagia- affects only one side of the body, more affected in the arm than leg
Quadriplegia- most severe form, affects all 4 limbs. Patients usually cannot walk
Cortex
What is ataxic cerebral palsy?
What area of the brain is affected?
Problems with balance and coordination
Unsteady when they walk
Struggle controlling movements
Cerebellum
What is dyskinetic cerebral palsy?
What area of the brain is affected
Problems controlling the movement of their hands, arms, feet and legs making it difficult to sit and walk
Movements are uncontrollable so can be slow and writhing or rapid and jerky
Basal Ganglia
What is Leukaemia?
Blood cancer of the WBC
What are some oral manifestations of Leukaemia?
Gingival swelling
Ulceration
Spontaneous gingival bleeding
Unusual mobility of teeth
Candidosis
What are some long term dental effects of chemotherapy on children?
Affects the developing dentition
Enamel hypoplasia/microdontia/thin roots
What are some short term dental effects of chemotherapy on children?
Mucositis
Effect on bone marrow
-decreased neutrophils- increased infection risk
-decreased platelets- increased bleeding risk
What are some short term dental effects of radiotherapy on children?
Mucositis
Salivary glands- decreased flow/increased velocity often permanent
Hyposalivation can cause caries, taste disturbance
Direct damage to taste buds can result in a loss/alteration to taste
What are some longer term dental effects of radiotherapy on children?
Malocclusion
Increased risk of soft tissue neoplasm
Risk of ORN
Affects to developing dentition
-hypodontia/microdontia/enamel hypoplasia/root formation defects
What needs to be carried out by a dentist before a child starts treatment?
All infections should be removed
Optimal oral hygiene is important to minimise the risk of mucositis and decrease the risk of oral infections
