Children and Youth

Question 1

What did James (2008) say about UNCRC?

Answer 1

• framework of standards for safeguarding children’s rights

- rights to provision, protection, and participation (PPP)

Question 2

What did James and Prout (1997) say about social studies of childhood?

Answer 2

• socio-cultural construct, varies across time, space, and place
• diversity of global childhoods rather than single universal phenomenon
• children as social actors

Question 3

What quote did Edwards (1996) say about children and development?

Answer 3

‘We value children deeply in emotional terms but deem them useless in any formal sense, excluding them in debate and policy making. Children just experience control and discipline’

Question 4

What proportion of population in sub saharan Africa are chronically poor?

Answer 4

1/6

Question 5

What percentage of sub saharan Africa population are under 18 and where is this fact from?

Answer 5

50%. UNICEF 2011

Question 6

What effect did economic restructuring and structural adjustment programs have in many African countries?

Answer 6

Reductions in government expenditure on basic services

Question 7

What is there more of a focus on in ssa?

Answer 7

Global concern: poverty, child labour, HIV/AIDS, violence and conflict

Question 8

What four factors does trends in children’s work not explore?

Answer 8

• paid or unpaid
• part time or full time
• formal or informal sector
• legal or illegal

Question 9

Why is children’s work not always about economic gain?

Answer 9

• learning a trade
• educational
• empowering
• preparing for later life

Question 10

Why can banning children’s work be a bad thing?

Answer 10

Forces children to seek income elsewhere which can be more dangerous and not legitimate

Question 11

Less than ‘?’ % of children of secondary school age attend school in SSA and where is this fact from?

Answer 11

30%, UNICEF 2007

Question 12

What are the barriers to education spaces?

Answer 12

• poverty
• costs of schools
• poor quality education
• gender disparities in educational attainment

Question 13

What are general transitions from youth to adulthood?

Answer 13

• socio-cultural construct that varies across time and space
• conventional transitions
  ; educational outcomes
  ; leaving family home
  ; entry into labour market

Question 14

What are the transitions to adulthood in Africa?

Answer 14

• marriage and childbirth
• formal education and paid employment
• complex pathways and transitions in context of economic restructuring, poverty, HIV, violence, and gender inequalities

Question 15

Summary notes…

Answer 15

• children and young people often marginalised from decision making processes at range of spatial scales
• social identities produce diverse childhoods
• transitions in Africa are constrained by structural inequalities and unequal power relations

Question 16

What did Evans (2010) say about children’s care work and HIV/AIDS?

Answer 16

Children’s care work in families affected by HIV/AIDS goes beyond the usual expectations of children’s household responsibilities

Question 17

What did Evans (2010) say about caring roles of children and time and space?

Answer 17

They shift along the continuum over time and space, depending on the changing need for care and access

Question 18

Further Evans (2010) comments…

Answer 18

• most dimensions of children’s everyday care work are focused predominantly in and around the social space of the household
• factors influencing children’s involvement in caregiving can be conceptualised as a dynamic interaction of individual, relational, and structural processes operating at a range of spatial scales

Question 19

What does the UNCRC stand for?

Answer 19

UN Convention on the Rights of Child