Children and Adolescents Flashcards
What is impuslive repetitive taking of items that arent needed?
kleptomania
What is a strategy used with jueviniles to help understand their experiences better?
play therapy
What are characteristics of good mental health?
- Ability to appropriately interpret reality and have a correct understanding of environmen
- Positive self concept
- Ability to cope with stress and anxiety in AGE-APPROPRIATE way (what does THAT mean?)
- Mastery of developmental tasks
- Ability to express oneself and ability to maintain satisfying relationships with others
What are some risk factors for mental illness?
Genetic link/chromosomal
Family history
Biochemical (neurotransmitters)
Imbalances
Social & Environmental
Home life, poverty (stressors),
institutions/foster
Resiliency (lack of)
Trauma (experiencing or witnessing
What are family risk factors for mental illness?
severe marital discord, low
socioeconomic status, large families, overcrowding,
parental criminality, maternal psychiatric disorders,
foster-care placement
parental substance abuse
trauma in childhood
What does ACE mean?
Adverse Childhood Experiences
* Abuse (emotional, physical, sexual), neglect,
household challenges (MI, Spousal abuse,
substance abuse)
* NEGLECT is the most common form of abuse
What are the two types of ADHD?
Primarily inattentive
Primarily impulsive/hyperactive`
What are characteristics of ADHD?
Inattention
* Impulsivity
* Hyperactivity
What are symptoms of ADHD?
Early signs include being fussy and
temperamental
Inability to tolerate sedentary activities (story-
time)
Fidgety & noisy in class
Interrupts, blurts out answers,
Hurried work, careless mistakes
Fails to follow directions
Ostracized from peers, viewed as bossy,
aggressive and difficult
60% have symptoms that persist into adulthood
What is the treatment for ADHD?
Methylphenidate & amphetamine compound
Atomoxetine (nonstimulant)
Remember appetite & insomnia risks
Positive reinforcement / Token Economy
Family Interventions (therapy)
Treatment should be meds & CBT or other
therapies in combination
Least restrictive environment (Time out/ Quiet
Room)
Structured environment, minimize “changes
What is a reading learning disability called?
dyslexia
What is a learning disability in mathematics called?
dyscalculia
What is a learing disorder of written expression?
dysgraphia
What is a disability with deficits
in reasoning, problem solving,
planning, judgement, abstract
thinking an academic ability?
intellectual functioning
What is a disability with impaired
communication and language,
interpreting and acting on social
cues, regulating emotions?
social functioning
What is a disability with practical
aspects of daily life, age-appropriate
deficits?
daily functioning
What is autism spectrum disorder?
- Complex neurobiological and developmental
disability - Usually appears during the first 3 years
- Deficits in social relatedness
- Genetic component
Who is autism more likely in?
boys (4x as likely)
What is savant syndrome?
Some may have low IQs but be brilliant in
specific areas (music, math, photographic
memory recall
What is the goal of treatment for autism?
- Reduce behavioral disturbances
- Promote learning and development
- Especially language skills
- CBT for aggressive behavior
- Pharmacological treatment for temper
tantrums, hyperactivity, aggression and
self-injury with atypical antipsychotics - There are no medications for ASD itself
What level of autism is this?
difficulty initiating social interactions
organization and planning problems can hinder independence
level 1
requiring support
What level of autism does this describe?
social interactions limited to narrow special interests
frequent restricted/repetitive behaviors
Level 2
requiring substantial support
What level of autism does describe?
severe deficits in verbal and nonverbal social communication skills
great distress/difficulty changing actions or focus
level 3
requiring very substantial support
What are common behaviors of functioning autism?
Not responding to own name by 1 years old
Doesn’t show interest by pointing
Doesn’t play pretend by 18 months old
Avoids eye contact
Prefers to be alone
Delayed speech
Obsessive interests
Upset by minor changes in routine
Repeats words/phrases
Unusual response to sensory experiences
Rocking, waving, flapping movements
What is nighttime incontinence?
enuresis
What is defecating inappropriately?
encopresis
What are
* Rapid recurrent movement or vocalization
* Exacerbated by stress?
Tics
What is coprolalia?
use of obscenities
What is repeating heard sounds?
echolalia
What is repeating own sounds?
palilalia
What do we treat tics with?
atypical antipyschotics
What does this describe?
* Rhythmic waving, rocking, banging
* Common with intellectual disability
stereotypic movement disorder
What are examples of anxiety disorders?
Separation disorders, phobias, PTSD
What are s/s of DMDD?
Temper outbursts
* Onset 6-18 yrs
What are s/s of reactive attachment disorder?
- Minimal
social/emotional
response to others - Sad, irritable & afraid
- Hx of unstable
relationships (foster
placement?)
What are s/s of disinhibited social engagement disorder?
- Actively approaches and
interacts with unfamiliar adults - Develops as a result of severe
neglect during the first two
years of life - Institutionalization
What are s/s of PTSD in children?
- Anxiety/depression
- Phobias/Conversion d/o
- Irritability/aggression
- Poor academic
performance - Insomnia/nightmares
- Somatic complaints
What is oppositional defiant disorder?
- Preference for large rewards and pay little attention to increasing penalties
- Left untreated most children outgrow this
What is intermittent explosive disorder?
Pattern of behavioral outbursts
* Inability to control aggressive impulses
What are s/s of conduct disorder?
- More severe – violates the rights of others, societal rules
and norms disregarded
Juvenile delinquency, substance abuse, legal issues
Antisocial reasoning – “He deserved it
MAY BECOME ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY
DISORDER AFTER AGE 18
How do you treat conduct disorder?
- Treatment
- Therapy
- Limit setting
- Behavioral contracts
- Help them express feelings (will be hard for
them to do!) - Identifying triggers, coping skills, problem
solving strategies - Gain age-appropriate social skills
- Get family involved & prepared to maintain
“plan
What are the warning signs of suicidal behavior?
Overt/covert statements
Lack of emotional
responsiveness
Withdrawal
Anhedonia
Substance abuse
Threats/giving away
Sudden cheerfulness after
being depressed
What are risk factors of suicidal behavior?
Family history
Male gender
History of abuse
Previous attempt
Parental mental
health problems
What education do we provide adolescents?
Basics plus – self esteem,
positive coping skills, safety!!, risky
behavior
What type of therapy can we use for adolescents?
group and individual
Family therapy
CBT
