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NU 306 Mental Health > Children and Adolescents > Flashcards

Children and Adolescents Flashcards

1
Q

What is impuslive repetitive taking of items that arent needed?

A

kleptomania

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2
Q

What is a strategy used with jueviniles to help understand their experiences better?

A

play therapy

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3
Q

What are characteristics of good mental health?

A
  • Ability to appropriately interpret reality and have a correct understanding of environmen
  • Positive self concept
  • Ability to cope with stress and anxiety in AGE-APPROPRIATE way (what does THAT mean?)
  • Mastery of developmental tasks
  • Ability to express oneself and ability to maintain satisfying relationships with others
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4
Q

What are some risk factors for mental illness?

A

 Genetic link/chromosomal
 Family history
 Biochemical (neurotransmitters)
 Imbalances
 Social & Environmental
 Home life, poverty (stressors),
institutions/foster
 Resiliency (lack of)
 Trauma (experiencing or witnessing

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5
Q

What are family risk factors for mental illness?

A

severe marital discord, low
socioeconomic status, large families, overcrowding,
parental criminality, maternal psychiatric disorders,
foster-care placement
parental substance abuse
trauma in childhood

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6
Q

What does ACE mean?

A

Adverse Childhood Experiences
* Abuse (emotional, physical, sexual), neglect,
household challenges (MI, Spousal abuse,
substance abuse)
* NEGLECT is the most common form of abuse

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7
Q

What are the two types of ADHD?

A

 Primarily inattentive
 Primarily impulsive/hyperactive`

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8
Q

What are characteristics of ADHD?

A

Inattention
* Impulsivity
* Hyperactivity

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9
Q

What are symptoms of ADHD?

A

 Early signs include being fussy and
temperamental
 Inability to tolerate sedentary activities (story-
time)
 Fidgety & noisy in class
 Interrupts, blurts out answers,
 Hurried work, careless mistakes
 Fails to follow directions
 Ostracized from peers, viewed as bossy,
aggressive and difficult
 60% have symptoms that persist into adulthood

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10
Q

What is the treatment for ADHD?

A

Methylphenidate & amphetamine compound
 Atomoxetine (nonstimulant)
 Remember appetite & insomnia risks
 Positive reinforcement / Token Economy
 Family Interventions (therapy)
 Treatment should be meds & CBT or other
therapies in combination
 Least restrictive environment (Time out/ Quiet
Room)
 Structured environment, minimize “changes

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11
Q

What is a reading learning disability called?

A

dyslexia

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12
Q

What is a learning disability in mathematics called?

A

dyscalculia

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13
Q

What is a learing disorder of written expression?

A

dysgraphia

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14
Q

What is a disability with deficits
in reasoning, problem solving,
planning, judgement, abstract
thinking an academic ability?

A

intellectual functioning

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15
Q

What is a disability with impaired
communication and language,
interpreting and acting on social
cues, regulating emotions?

A

social functioning

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16
Q

What is a disability with practical
aspects of daily life, age-appropriate
deficits?

A

daily functioning

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17
Q

What is autism spectrum disorder?

A
  • Complex neurobiological and developmental
    disability
  • Usually appears during the first 3 years
  • Deficits in social relatedness
  • Genetic component
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18
Q

Who is autism more likely in?

A

boys (4x as likely)

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19
Q

What is savant syndrome?

A

Some may have low IQs but be brilliant in
specific areas (music, math, photographic
memory recall

20
Q

What is the goal of treatment for autism?

A
  • Reduce behavioral disturbances
  • Promote learning and development
  • Especially language skills
  • CBT for aggressive behavior
  • Pharmacological treatment for temper
    tantrums, hyperactivity, aggression and
    self-injury with atypical antipsychotics
  • There are no medications for ASD itself
21
Q

What level of autism is this?
difficulty initiating social interactions
organization and planning problems can hinder independence

A

level 1
requiring support

22
Q

What level of autism does this describe?
social interactions limited to narrow special interests
frequent restricted/repetitive behaviors

A

Level 2
requiring substantial support

23
Q

What level of autism does describe?
severe deficits in verbal and nonverbal social communication skills
great distress/difficulty changing actions or focus

A

level 3
requiring very substantial support

24
Q

What are common behaviors of functioning autism?

A

 Not responding to own name by 1 years old
 Doesn’t show interest by pointing
 Doesn’t play pretend by 18 months old
 Avoids eye contact
 Prefers to be alone
 Delayed speech
 Obsessive interests
 Upset by minor changes in routine
 Repeats words/phrases
 Unusual response to sensory experiences
 Rocking, waving, flapping movements

25
Q

What is nighttime incontinence?

A

enuresis

26
Q

What is defecating inappropriately?

A

encopresis

27
Q

What are
* Rapid recurrent movement or vocalization
* Exacerbated by stress?

A

Tics

28
Q

What is coprolalia?

A

use of obscenities

29
Q

What is repeating heard sounds?

A

echolalia

30
Q

What is repeating own sounds?

A

palilalia

31
Q

What do we treat tics with?

A

atypical antipyschotics

32
Q

What does this describe?
* Rhythmic waving, rocking, banging
* Common with intellectual disability

A

stereotypic movement disorder

33
Q

What are examples of anxiety disorders?

A

Separation disorders, phobias, PTSD

34
Q

What are s/s of DMDD?

A

Temper outbursts
* Onset 6-18 yrs

35
Q

What are s/s of reactive attachment disorder?

A
  • Minimal
    social/emotional
    response to others
  • Sad, irritable & afraid
  • Hx of unstable
    relationships (foster
    placement?)
36
Q

What are s/s of disinhibited social engagement disorder?

A
  • Actively approaches and
    interacts with unfamiliar adults
  • Develops as a result of severe
    neglect during the first two
    years of life
  • Institutionalization
37
Q

What are s/s of PTSD in children?

A
  • Anxiety/depression
  • Phobias/Conversion d/o
  • Irritability/aggression
  • Poor academic
    performance
  • Insomnia/nightmares
  • Somatic complaints
38
Q

What is oppositional defiant disorder?

A
  • Preference for large rewards and pay little attention to increasing penalties
  • Left untreated most children outgrow this
39
Q

What is intermittent explosive disorder?

A

Pattern of behavioral outbursts
* Inability to control aggressive impulses

40
Q

What are s/s of conduct disorder?

A
  • More severe – violates the rights of others, societal rules
    and norms disregarded
    Juvenile delinquency, substance abuse, legal issues
    Antisocial reasoning – “He deserved it
    MAY BECOME ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY
    DISORDER AFTER AGE 18
41
Q

How do you treat conduct disorder?

A
  • Treatment
  • Therapy
  • Limit setting
  • Behavioral contracts
  • Help them express feelings (will be hard for
    them to do!)
  • Identifying triggers, coping skills, problem
    solving strategies
  • Gain age-appropriate social skills
  • Get family involved & prepared to maintain
    “plan
42
Q

What are the warning signs of suicidal behavior?

A

Overt/covert statements
 Lack of emotional
responsiveness
 Withdrawal
 Anhedonia
 Substance abuse
 Threats/giving away
 Sudden cheerfulness after
being depressed

43
Q

What are risk factors of suicidal behavior?

A

Family history
 Male gender
 History of abuse
 Previous attempt
 Parental mental
health problems

44
Q

What education do we provide adolescents?

A

Basics plus – self esteem,
positive coping skills, safety!!, risky
behavior

45
Q

What type of therapy can we use for adolescents?

A

group and individual
 Family therapy
 CBT

46
Q
A

NU 306 Mental Health (13 decks)

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