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Childhood Viral Infections Flashcards

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1
Q

When is IgM produced?

A

in an acute infection

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2
Q

what antibody provides long term immunity?

A

IgG

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3
Q

What could be a viral cause of a rash in children?

A

1) Parovirus
2) Measles
3) Chickenpox
4) Rubella
5) Non-polio enterovirus infection
6) EBV

*Also caused by bacteria eg. staph aureus, N.meningitdis

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4
Q

What type of virus is measles?

A

Paramyxovirus

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5
Q

Describe the infectivity of measles

A

-it is infective from the start of first symtpoms (4 days before rash and for days after rash disappears.)

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6
Q

What is the incubation of measles virus?

A

7-18 day

average 10-12

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7
Q

In what condition do we see Koplik’s spots 1-2 days before the rash?

A

Measles

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8
Q

What are the key clinical symptoms of measles/

A

Rash
fever
cough, coryza, conjunctivitis

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9
Q

What are the 3 C’s seen in Measles?

A

Cough,
coryza,
Conjunctivitis

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10
Q

How do we diagnose Measles?

A
  • look at clinical symptoms
  • leukopenia
  • oral fluid sample
  • serology
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11
Q

What is the treatment for measles?

A

-supportive
Preventative:
vaccine - live MMR

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12
Q

What virus causes chicken pox?

A

Varicella Zoster Virus

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13
Q

How is varicella zoster virus transmitted??

A

Respiratory / contact

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14
Q

What is the incubation period for varicella zoster virus?

A

14-15days

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15
Q

What is the infectivity of varicella zoster virus?

A

2 days before onset of rash until after the vesicles dry up

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16
Q

What are the clinical symptoms and complications of VZV infection?

A
  • fever, malaise, anorexia
  • central rash (vesicular)

complications:

  • pneumonitis
  • thromocytopenic purpura
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17
Q

How is VZV (chickenpox) diagnosed?

A
  • clincal

- PCR of vesicle fluid / CSF

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18
Q

What is the treatment of VZV?

A

Oral aciclovir

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19
Q

what are the preventative methods for chickenpox?

A
  • VZ immuniglobulin

- Live vaccine.

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20
Q

What type of virus is rubella?

A

Togavirus, RNA virus

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21
Q

How is rubella transmitted?

A

Droplet spread

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22
Q

What is the incubation period for rubella?

A

14-21days

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23
Q

What is the infectivity of rubella?

A

1 week before rash to 4 days after

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24
Q

What are the clinical features of rubella?

A
  • lymphadenopathy
  • rash

complications:

  • thrombocytopenia
  • encephalitis
  • arthritis
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25
what percent of infectious children are asymptomatic with rubella?
50%
26
What is congenital rubella syndrome?
If rubella is passed from mother to fetus in first trimester the following can occur: 1) cataracts 2) deafness 3) cardiac abnormalities 4) microencephaly (small head) 5) retardation of intra-uterine growth 6) inflammatory lesions of brain, liver, lungs and bone marrrow.
27
How is rubella diagnosed?
- oral fluid testing for IgM/IgG | - serology for IgM/IgG
28
What are the treatments for rubella?
no treatment prevention - MMR vaccine
29
What type of virus is Parvovirus B19?
DNA virus
30
How is Parvovirus transmitted?
respiratory secretions or from mother to child
31
What is the incubation period for parvovirus?
4 to 14 dyas
32
What are the clinical features of parvovirus B19?
- minor resp illness - rash illness "slapped cheek" - Arthralgia (pain in joint) - aplastic anaemia (defficiency of all types of blood cells) - Anaemia in the immunosuppressed
33
How is parvovirus B19 diagnosed?
- Serology IgM / IgG (90% have IgM at time of Rash) - Amniotic fluid sample - PCR
34
What is the treatment for parvovirus B19??
Blood transfusion
35
What type of infection is Coxsachie?
Enteroviral infection
36
How are enteroviral infections transmitted?
faecal-oral | skin contact
37
what is responsible for hand, foot and mouth disease?
Enteroviral infections
38
What type of infection is echoviral ?
Enteroviral infection
39
What virus could be causing respiratory symptoms?
1) respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) 2) Parainfluenza 3) Influenza 4) Adenovirus 5) Metapneumovirus 6) Rhinovirus
40
What type of virus is RSV?
Pneumovirus
41
What does RSV cause in under 1 year olds?
Bronchiolitis
42
How is RSV diagnosed?
PCR on nasal secretions
43
How is RSV treated?
Oxygen manage fever manage fluid intake
44
What type of virus is metapmeumovirus?
Paramyxovirus
45
How is Metapneumovirus diagnosed?
PCR
46
How is metapneumovirus treated?
Supportive treatments only
47
What percent of childhood resp inf is caused by adeno virus?
10% of childhood Resp Infections are caused by adenovirus
48
How does adenovirus present?
- upper resp tract inf | - conjunctivitis
49
How is adenovirus diagnosed?
Respiratory - PCR | Eye swab PCR
50
What is the treatment for adenovirus?
Cidofovir in immunocompromised
51
What type of virus us parainfluenza?
paramyxovirus
52
How is parainfluenza transmitted?
person to person; inhilation
53
What are the clinical manifestations of Parainfluenza?
- croup - bronchiolitis - URTI
54
How is parainfluenza diagnosed?
PCR
55
What are the treatments for parainfluenza ?
no treatment
56
What virus that effects the respiratory system is a member of the picornaviridae family?
Rhinovirus
57
What virus is found in approximately 70% of children with mild URTI symptoms?
Rhinovirus
58
What are the 2 common viruses seen in a child with diarrhoea?
Rotavirus | Norovirus
59
What type of virus is Rotavirus?
Rotvirus is a reovirus (RNA virus)
60
How is rotavirus transmitted?
Faecal -oral
61
What is the incubation period of rotavirus?
1-2 days
62
What are the clinical features of rotavirus?
Diarrhoae and vomiting
63
How is rotavirus diagnosed?
PCR
64
What is the treatment for rotavirus?
rehydration
65
What is also known as the winter vomiting bug?
Norovirus
66
What is the symptoms of norovirus?
vomiting and diarhoea
67
What is the infectivity of norovirus?
short course of 12-60hrs
68
how is norovirus diagnosed?
PCR
69
what is the treatment for norovirus
rehydration
70
What family does the mumps virus belong to?
Paramyxoviridae
71
what is the incubation period for mumps ?
2-4weeks
72
What is the infectivity of mumps?
several days before parotid swelling to several days after
73
What are the clinical manifestations of mumps?
- Prodrome : low grade fever, anorexia, malaise, headache. - Next 24 hours : earache, tenderness over ipsilateral parotid. - Next 2-3 days : gradually enlarging parotid with severe pain. FEVER
74
What are the rare compications of MUMPs?
- meningitis - encephalitis - renal function abnormalities - pancreatitis
75
How is Mumps diagnosed?
- raised serum amylase - clinical - serology (IgM) - PCR
76
What neotnatal/congenital infection causes growth retardation, deafness and blindess?
CMV | cytomegalo virus

Clinical Pathology (9 decks)

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