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Clinical Pathology > Antivirals (CP Lec 3) > Flashcards

Antivirals (CP Lec 3) Flashcards

1
Q

what is an acute viral infection

A

Acute viral infections are occur once and are short lived.

e.g. influenza, measles, mumps ect.

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2
Q

what is a chronic viral infection? Latent vs persitstent

A

Latent Viral Infection:
where the virus has affects in phases or life cycles. They can be with or without recurrences.
e.g. Herpes

Persistent Viral Infection:
the symptoms never go, the virus persists
e.g. HIV, Hep B

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3
Q

What is a virus made up of?

A

1) Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA)
2) Protein capsule
3) +/- Lipid envelope

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4
Q

how does a virus replicate?

A

1) virus attaches to cell receptor
2) Enters Cell
3) Virus uncoating
4) Viral enzymes produced
5) Replication of (DNA / RNA )
6) Late transcription / translation for viral structural proteins.
7) Virus Assembly
8) Virus release

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5
Q

What type of virus is a retrovirus?

A

RNA to DNA

e.g. HIV / Hep B

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6
Q

what nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) drug was developed as an anti cancer drug in 1965, but later found to inhibit HIV replication in 1985?

A

AZT (Azidothymidine)

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7
Q

`What is AZT (Azidothymidine) ?

A

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI)

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8
Q

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors can be pyrimidine (thymidine / cytosine) analogues or purine (adenine / gaunidine) analogues. What type of anologue is Zidovudine?

A

Zidovudine is a Thymidine analogue (pyrimidine analogue)

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9
Q

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors can be pyrimidine (thymidine / cytosine) analogues or purine (adenine / gaunidine) analogues. What type of analogue is Lamivudine?

A

Lamivudine is a cytosine analogue

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10
Q

What type of analogues are abacivir and tenofovir? (they are NRTIs)

A

Abacivir and Tenofovir are Purine (adenine and Guanidine) analogues

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11
Q

What drugs can be active against Hep B?

A

Lamividine and Tenofovir (both NRTIs)

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12
Q

What type of drug are the following:

1) Atazanivir
2) Darunavir
3) Fodpamprenavir
4) lopinavir
5) Nelfinavir
6) Rionavir
7) Saquinavir

A

Protease Inhibitors (PIs)

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13
Q

What is the aim of “highly active antiretroviral therapy” - HAART?

A

to switch off virus replication

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14
Q

What is the “cure” for HIV?

A

HIV is supressed on antivirals.

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15
Q

What is the cure for Hep C?

A

Interferpns and ribavirin

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16
Q

What antivirals are used for herped simplex virus / varicella zoster virus?

A

Aciclovir

17
Q

what antiviral is used for cytomegalovirus (CMV)?

A

Ganciclovir

18
Q

What antiviral is used for Hep C and RSV?

A

Ribavirin

19
Q

What are interferons used for?

A

Hep C / B

Clinical Pathology (9 decks)

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