Childhood Immunisations Flashcards
What is the purpose of childhood immunisations?
To protect children against potentially serious infectious diseases by stimulating the immune system to develop immunity without causing the diseases themselves.
At what age is the first dose of the 6-in-1 vaccine administered?
At 2 months old.
Which diseases does the 6-in-1 vaccine protect against?
Diphtheria, Tetanus, Whooping cough (Pertussis), Polio, Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), and Hepatitis B.
When is the Rotavirus vaccine first given?
At 2 months old.
What is the schedule for the Meningitis B vaccine in infants?
First dose at 2 months, second dose at 4 months, and a booster at 1 year old.
At what age is the first dose of the Pneumococcal (PCV) vaccine given?
At 3 months old.
When is the second dose of the Rotavirus vaccine administered?
At 3 months old.
What vaccines are given at 4 months old?
The third dose of the 6-in-1 vaccine and the second dose of the Meningitis B vaccine.
What immunisations are scheduled for a 1-year-old child?
Hib/Meningitis C booster, first dose of MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella), second dose of Pneumococcal (PCV) vaccine, and third dose of Meningitis B vaccine.
How often should children aged 2 to 10 years receive the flu vaccine?
Annually.
What vaccines are administered at 3 years and 4 months old?
The 4-in-1 pre-school booster (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Whooping cough, Polio) and the second dose of the MMR vaccine.
At what age is the HPV vaccine offered, and how is it scheduled?
At 12 to 13 years old, given as two doses 6 to 24 months apart.
What immunisations are given at 14 years old?
The 3-in-1 teenage booster (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Polio) and the Meningitis ACWY vaccine.
Why is it important to adhere to the immunisation schedule?
To ensure timely protection against infectious diseases, reducing the risk of outbreaks and safeguarding public health.
What is herd immunity, and how do vaccinations contribute to it?
Herd immunity occurs when a significant portion of the population becomes immune to a disease, reducing its spread. Vaccinations increase the number of immune individuals, contributing to herd immunity.
Are there any common side effects of vaccinations in children?
Yes, common side effects include mild fever, redness or swelling at the injection site, and irritability. These are usually short-lived.
Can children receive vaccinations if they have a mild illness, such as a cold?
Yes, children can still be vaccinated if they have a mild illness without a fever. However, if they are moderately or severely ill, it’s advisable to postpone vaccination until recovery.
Why is the MMR vaccine given in two doses?
The first dose provides initial protection, and the second dose ensures immunity in those who didn’t respond adequately to the first dose, increasing overall effectiveness.
What is the significance of the Hepatitis B component in the 6-in-1 vaccine?
It protects against Hepatitis B, a virus that can cause chronic liver infection, liver cancer, and liver failure.
How does the Rotavirus vaccine protect infants?
It protects against rotavirus infections, which are a leading cause of severe diarrhoea and vomiting in infants and young children.
What is the purpose of the Meningitis B vaccine?
To protect against meningococcal group B bacteria, a common cause of serious infections like meningitis and septicaemia in young children.
Why is the flu vaccine recommended annually for children aged 2 to 10 years?
Because flu viruses change frequently, and annual vaccination ensures protection against the most current strains.
What is the method of administration for the flu vaccine in children?
It is usually given as a nasal spray.
Why is the HPV vaccine offered to adolescents?
To protect against human papillomavirus, which can lead to cancers such as cervical cancer and genital warts.
What diseases does the Meningitis ACWY vaccine protect against?
It protects against four strains of meningococcal bacteria: types A, C, W, and Y, which can cause meningitis and septicaemia.
Is it safe to administer multiple vaccines during a single visit?
Yes, administering multiple vaccines at the same visit is safe and ensures timely protection against various diseases.
What should parents do if they miss a scheduled vaccination for their child?
They should contact their healthcare provider to reschedule as soon as possible to ensure their child remains protected.
Are there any contraindications to childhood vaccinations?
Yes, contraindications may include severe allergic reactions to a previous dose or vaccine component, or certain medical conditions. It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider.
How are vaccines monitored for safety?
Vaccines undergo rigorous testing in clinical trials and continuous monitoring after approval to ensure they are safe and effective.
What role do healthcare providers play in the immunisation process?
They educate parents, administer vaccines, monitor for adverse reactions, and maintain vaccination records to ensure children receive timely immunisations.
