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OT in Peds > Childhood Dx > Flashcards

Childhood Dx Flashcards

0
Q

Cardiac conditions - 4 major congenital malformations

A
  1. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
  2. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
  3. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
  4. Transposition of the great vessels (TGV)
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1
Q

Cardiac conditions - symptoms? (5)

A 
Low endurance
Poor vital capacity
Insufficient respiratory support
Failure to thrive 
OT concern - feeding probs
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2
Q

Effects of ASD & VSD

A

Wet lungs - increase blood to lungs

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3
Q

4 conditions of tetralogy of Fallot

A

“PROV”

  1. Pulmonary valve stenosis
  2. R ventricular hypertrophy
  3. Overriding aorta (difficult for blood to get through pulmonary stenosis, so goes back out aorta instead)
  4. Ventricular septal defect
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4
Q

Trisomy 21

A

Down Syndrome

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5
Q

Symptoms of Down Syndrome (7)

A 
Intellectual disability
Hypotonic
Hyper mobile joints 
Common facial features
Short & stalky
Simian crease
Atlantoaxial instability
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6
Q

Trisomy 18

A

Edward’s syndrome

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7
Q

Symptoms of Edward’s syndrome (5)

A 
Rare
Severe intellectual disability
Failure to thrive
Syndactyly 
Death before 1yr
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8
Q

Trisomy 13

A

Patau’s syndrome

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9
Q

Symptoms of Patau’s syndrome (5)

A 
Rare
Severe intellectual disability 
Microcephaly
Cleft palate & lip
Sometimes seizures
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10
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome (7 symptoms)

A 
XXY - only males
Tall & thin
Small genitalia
Learning disabilities
Depressed IQ
Emotional probs
Coordination probs
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11
Q

Tay Sachs (describe)

A

Normal development until 6mos, then severe regression. Death @ 3yrs.

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12
Q

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (4 symptoms)

A

Progressive neurological disorder in boys
Choreoathetoid mvmt
Severe SIB (self injurious behaviors)
Death before 20yrs

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13
Q

Define learning disability

A

Difficulty in processing information effectively to master school related tasks (reading, math, writing, reasoning, use of language)

Language or non-verbal

Normal intelligence

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14
Q

Non verbal learning disability

A

Performance IQ below verbal IQ - difficulty organizing work, completing assignments etc.

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15
Q

Developmental coordination disorder

A

Impairments in motor coordination affect school or daily living skill performance

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16
Q

Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) (3)

A

Autism
Asperger’s
PDD-NOS

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17
Q

Attention deficient/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (9)

A 
Inattention
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity
Distracted
Forgetful
Fidget
Excessive talking 
Impatient
Low frustration tolerance
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18
Q

ADHD OT tx

A

Modify environment
Minimize distractions/sensory input
Patent support

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19
Q

Spina bifida occulta

A

Vertebral arch not completely formed

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20
Q

Spina bifida cystica

A

Vertebral arch not completely formed & a cyst is present at birth (meningocele or myelomeningocele)

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21
Q

Meningocele

A

Only meninges affected - no neurological affects

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22
Q

Myelomeningocele (7)

A

Cyst involves meninges & spinal cord - neurological deficits present:

  1. Increased intracranial pressure
  2. Compression of cranial nerves that coordinate swallowing
  3. P-V shunt may be indicated - drain CSF from ventricles to perineal area
  4. Intracranial pressure can cause death
  5. May have learning disabilities & visual perceptual deficits
  6. Orthopedic probs - spasticity or flaccidity
  7. Bowel/bladder probs
23
Q

Arnold-chiari syndrome

A

2nd to myelomeningocele - cerebellum slips into foreman magnum, blocks CSF flow - hydrocephalus

24
Q

OT for myelomeningocele

A

Motor/sensory: deficits below level of lesion - paralysis

Orthopedic: scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis - light weight bracing, casting, ortho shoes, AD for ambulation

25
Q

Spinal muscular atrophy - 4 types

A
  1. Werding-Hoffman
  2. Chronic infantile SMA
  3. Kuhelburg-Welander
  4. Adult SMA
26
Q

OT for spinal muscular dystrophy

A

Play & feeding

27
Q

Werding-Hoffman SMA (6)

A 
Weak at birth
Weak cry
respiratory probs
Hypotonia
Poor feeding
Death 2-3yrs
28
Q

Chronic infantile SMA (5)

A 
Normal 4-6mos
Life expectancy not past early adult
Flaccid paralysis
Sit, no walk or stand
Progressive skeletal deformities
29
Q

Kugelburg-Welander SMA

A

Less severe, later onset
Walk as children but wc by adulthood
Survive into adulthood but worry about respiratory probs

30
Q

Adult SMA

A

Least severe - no change in life expectancy

Weakness in late adolescence (starts in tongue, hands/feet)

31
Q

Emotional disorders (4)

A
  1. Reactive attachment disorder
  2. Separation anxiety disorder
  3. Oppositional defiant disorder
  4. Feeding disorders
32
Q

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (3 forms)

A
  1. Pauciarticular: asymmetrical, affects fewer than 5 joints (knees hips ankles elbows)
  2. Polyarticular: onset abrupt & painful 5-40 joints affected, symmetrical involvement. Low grade fever, malaise, irritability.
  3. Systemic: polyarticular symptoms plus involvement of organs
33
Q

JRA facts (3)

A

Most children recover 1-2yrz
Onset 2-4yrs old
More common in girls

34
Q

JRA general features (10)

A 
Joint inflammation
Joint contracture
Joint damage
Change/alteration in growth
Stiffness after rest
Decreased activity
Weakness if muscle/other soft tissue
Decreased ROM
Pain
Fatigue
35
Q

Marfan’s

A 
Aka arachnodactyly
Excessive growth in epiphyseal plate - long fingers, skull asymmetry, joints, issues with eyes, aorta, heart
Scoliosis
Coxa Vera - hip deformity - limp
Fragile blood vessels
36
Q

Achondroplasia/chondrodystropia

A

Dwarfism

Skeletal abnormalities: lumbar lordosis, coxa vera, cubitus varus (forearm deviates toward midline)

37
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta (3)

A

“Brittle bones”
Unusually weak bones, harden with age
Fetal: high mortality
Infantile: fx early in childhood - limb deformities, growth disturbances
Juvenile: fx in late childhood - dental probs

38
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta - OT concerns

A 
Parent education
Handling difficult
Ex changing diaper - roll to side instead of lift 
Pads & orthoses
Surgery - metal rods
Monitored exercise programs
39
Q

Hand anomalies (3)

A
  1. Polydactyly - excessive fingers/toes
  2. Syndaxtyly - webbed fingers/toes
  3. Bradydactyly or microdactyly - excessive large or small digits
40
Q

Amelia

A

Absence of limb/distal segment of limb

41
Q

Phocomelia

A

Fully formed distal extremity but missing proximal portion

42
Q

Paraxial deficits

A

Proximal segment of limb correct, medial or lateral side missing

43
Q

Transverse hemimelia

A

Amputation of a segment across central area

44
Q

Arthrogyposis

A

Congenital joint contractures in 2+ areas of the body - leads to multiple deformities

45
Q

Cerebral palsy - general definition

A

Nonprogressive abnormalities in the developing brain that create a cascade of neurological, motor, & postural deficits
Often compounded with cognitive, sensory & psychosocial deficits

46
Q

Causes of CP (3 general)

A
  1. Premature birth
  2. Brain insult in utero (CVA, hemorrhage, infarction, enviro toxins)
  3. Acquired CP (trauma after birth, near drowning, metabolic disorder, etc)
47
Q

Types of CP (5)

A
  1. Spastic - increased muscle tone
  2. Dyskinetic - athetoid (involuntary mvmt in extremities) or dystonic (trunk muscles affected)
  3. Ataxic - impaired balance & coordination
  4. Rigidity - increased resistance in all directions
  5. Mixed - spastic & non-spastic symptoms
48
Q

Erb’s Palsy (SC level & symptoms)

A

C5 & C6

Probs with elbow & shoulder

49
Q

Klumpke’s Palsy (SC level & symptoms)

A

C8 & T1

Probs with intrinsics if hand

50
Q

Limb girdle dystrophy (sympts & onset)

A

Muscle dystrophy
Affects proximal muscles of pelvis/shoulder
Onset 10-30yrs

51
Q

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy

A

Affects face, scapula & upper arms
Inability to raise arms
Decreased facial mvmt

52
Q

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

A

Most common & severe
X-linked so affects boys
Onset 2-6yrs
Symptoms - difficulty climbing stairs, get up from lying, stumbles/falls easily, fatigues
Enlargement of calf, forearm, & thigh (adipose)
Gower’s sign - “crawls” into standing
W/c dependent by 9yrs, lose ADL ability due to contractures
Death by 20’s - resp., cardiac probs

53
Q

OT intervention - hearing impairment (4)

A
  1. Encourage sensory play
  2. Encourage age-appropriate ADL skills
  3. Encourage FM & hand coordination
  4. Encourage socialization
54
Q

OT intervention - visual impairment (10)

A
  1. Develop appropriate ADL skills
  2. Enhance sensory integration
  3. Encourage mvmt in space
  4. Develop tactile perceptual abilities
  5. Decrease tactile hypersensitivity
  6. Encourage FM & hand coordination skills
  7. Encourage body awareness
  8. Encourage development of directionality
  9. Provide education & consultation
  10. Maximize residual vision

OT in Peds (7 decks)

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