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OT in Peds > Childhood Dx > Flashcards

Childhood Dx Flashcards

0
Q

Cardiac conditions - 4 major congenital malformations

A
  1. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
  2. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
  3. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
  4. Transposition of the great vessels (TGV)
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1
Q

Cardiac conditions - symptoms? (5)

A 
Low endurance
Poor vital capacity
Insufficient respiratory support
Failure to thrive 
OT concern - feeding probs
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2
Q

Effects of ASD & VSD

A

Wet lungs - increase blood to lungs

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3
Q

4 conditions of tetralogy of Fallot

A

“PROV”

  1. Pulmonary valve stenosis
  2. R ventricular hypertrophy
  3. Overriding aorta (difficult for blood to get through pulmonary stenosis, so goes back out aorta instead)
  4. Ventricular septal defect
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4
Q

Trisomy 21

A

Down Syndrome

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5
Q

Symptoms of Down Syndrome (7)

A 
Intellectual disability
Hypotonic
Hyper mobile joints 
Common facial features
Short & stalky
Simian crease
Atlantoaxial instability
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6
Q

Trisomy 18

A

Edward’s syndrome

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7
Q

Symptoms of Edward’s syndrome (5)

A 
Rare
Severe intellectual disability
Failure to thrive
Syndactyly 
Death before 1yr
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8
Q

Trisomy 13

A

Patau’s syndrome

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9
Q

Symptoms of Patau’s syndrome (5)

A 
Rare
Severe intellectual disability 
Microcephaly
Cleft palate & lip
Sometimes seizures
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10
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome (7 symptoms)

A 
XXY - only males
Tall & thin
Small genitalia
Learning disabilities
Depressed IQ
Emotional probs
Coordination probs
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11
Q

Tay Sachs (describe)

A

Normal development until 6mos, then severe regression. Death @ 3yrs.

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12
Q

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (4 symptoms)

A

Progressive neurological disorder in boys
Choreoathetoid mvmt
Severe SIB (self injurious behaviors)
Death before 20yrs

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13
Q

Define learning disability

A

Difficulty in processing information effectively to master school related tasks (reading, math, writing, reasoning, use of language)

Language or non-verbal

Normal intelligence

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14
Q

Non verbal learning disability

A

Performance IQ below verbal IQ - difficulty organizing work, completing assignments etc.

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15
Q

Developmental coordination disorder

A

Impairments in motor coordination affect school or daily living skill performance

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16
Q

Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) (3)

A

Autism
Asperger’s
PDD-NOS

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17
Q

Attention deficient/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (9)

A 
Inattention
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity
Distracted
Forgetful
Fidget
Excessive talking 
Impatient
Low frustration tolerance
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18
Q

ADHD OT tx

A

Modify environment
Minimize distractions/sensory input
Patent support

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19
Q

Spina bifida occulta

A

Vertebral arch not completely formed

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20
Q

Spina bifida cystica

A

Vertebral arch not completely formed & a cyst is present at birth (meningocele or myelomeningocele)

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21
Q

Meningocele

A

Only meninges affected - no neurological affects

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22
Q

Myelomeningocele (7)

A

Cyst involves meninges & spinal cord - neurological deficits present:

  1. Increased intracranial pressure
  2. Compression of cranial nerves that coordinate swallowing
  3. P-V shunt may be indicated - drain CSF from ventricles to perineal area
  4. Intracranial pressure can cause death
  5. May have learning disabilities & visual perceptual deficits
  6. Orthopedic probs - spasticity or flaccidity
  7. Bowel/bladder probs
23
Q

Arnold-chiari syndrome

A

2nd to myelomeningocele - cerebellum slips into foreman magnum, blocks CSF flow - hydrocephalus

24
OT for myelomeningocele
Motor/sensory: deficits below level of lesion - paralysis | Orthopedic: scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis - light weight bracing, casting, ortho shoes, AD for ambulation
25
Spinal muscular atrophy - 4 types
1. Werding-Hoffman 2. Chronic infantile SMA 3. Kuhelburg-Welander 4. Adult SMA
26
OT for spinal muscular dystrophy
Play & feeding
27
Werding-Hoffman SMA (6)
``` Weak at birth Weak cry respiratory probs Hypotonia Poor feeding Death 2-3yrs ```
28
Chronic infantile SMA (5)
``` Normal 4-6mos Life expectancy not past early adult Flaccid paralysis Sit, no walk or stand Progressive skeletal deformities ```
29
Kugelburg-Welander SMA
Less severe, later onset Walk as children but wc by adulthood Survive into adulthood but worry about respiratory probs
30
Adult SMA
Least severe - no change in life expectancy | Weakness in late adolescence (starts in tongue, hands/feet)
31
Emotional disorders (4)
1. Reactive attachment disorder 2. Separation anxiety disorder 3. Oppositional defiant disorder 4. Feeding disorders
32
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (3 forms)
1. Pauciarticular: asymmetrical, affects fewer than 5 joints (knees hips ankles elbows) 2. Polyarticular: onset abrupt & painful 5-40 joints affected, symmetrical involvement. Low grade fever, malaise, irritability. 3. Systemic: polyarticular symptoms plus involvement of organs
33
JRA facts (3)
Most children recover 1-2yrz Onset 2-4yrs old More common in girls
34
JRA general features (10)
``` Joint inflammation Joint contracture Joint damage Change/alteration in growth Stiffness after rest Decreased activity Weakness if muscle/other soft tissue Decreased ROM Pain Fatigue ```
35
Marfan's
``` Aka arachnodactyly Excessive growth in epiphyseal plate - long fingers, skull asymmetry, joints, issues with eyes, aorta, heart Scoliosis Coxa Vera - hip deformity - limp Fragile blood vessels ```
36
Achondroplasia/chondrodystropia
Dwarfism | Skeletal abnormalities: lumbar lordosis, coxa vera, cubitus varus (forearm deviates toward midline)
37
Osteogenesis imperfecta (3)
"Brittle bones" Unusually weak bones, harden with age Fetal: high mortality Infantile: fx early in childhood - limb deformities, growth disturbances Juvenile: fx in late childhood - dental probs
38
Osteogenesis imperfecta - OT concerns
``` Parent education Handling difficult Ex changing diaper - roll to side instead of lift Pads & orthoses Surgery - metal rods Monitored exercise programs ```
39
Hand anomalies (3)
1. Polydactyly - excessive fingers/toes 2. Syndaxtyly - webbed fingers/toes 3. Bradydactyly or microdactyly - excessive large or small digits
40
Amelia
Absence of limb/distal segment of limb
41
Phocomelia
Fully formed distal extremity but missing proximal portion
42
Paraxial deficits
Proximal segment of limb correct, medial or lateral side missing
43
Transverse hemimelia
Amputation of a segment across central area
44
Arthrogyposis
Congenital joint contractures in 2+ areas of the body - leads to multiple deformities
45
Cerebral palsy - general definition
Nonprogressive abnormalities in the developing brain that create a cascade of neurological, motor, & postural deficits Often compounded with cognitive, sensory & psychosocial deficits
46
Causes of CP (3 general)
1. Premature birth 2. Brain insult in utero (CVA, hemorrhage, infarction, enviro toxins) 3. Acquired CP (trauma after birth, near drowning, metabolic disorder, etc)
47
Types of CP (5)
1. Spastic - increased muscle tone 2. Dyskinetic - athetoid (involuntary mvmt in extremities) or dystonic (trunk muscles affected) 3. Ataxic - impaired balance & coordination 4. Rigidity - increased resistance in all directions 5. Mixed - spastic & non-spastic symptoms
48
Erb's Palsy (SC level & symptoms)
C5 & C6 | Probs with elbow & shoulder
49
Klumpke's Palsy (SC level & symptoms)
C8 & T1 | Probs with intrinsics if hand
50
Limb girdle dystrophy (sympts & onset)
Muscle dystrophy Affects proximal muscles of pelvis/shoulder Onset 10-30yrs
51
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Affects face, scapula & upper arms Inability to raise arms Decreased facial mvmt
52
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
Most common & severe X-linked so affects boys Onset 2-6yrs Symptoms - difficulty climbing stairs, get up from lying, stumbles/falls easily, fatigues Enlargement of calf, forearm, & thigh (adipose) Gower's sign - "crawls" into standing W/c dependent by 9yrs, lose ADL ability due to contractures Death by 20's - resp., cardiac probs
53
OT intervention - hearing impairment (4)
1. Encourage sensory play 2. Encourage age-appropriate ADL skills 3. Encourage FM & hand coordination 4. Encourage socialization
54
OT intervention - visual impairment (10)
1. Develop appropriate ADL skills 2. Enhance sensory integration 3. Encourage mvmt in space 4. Develop tactile perceptual abilities 5. Decrease tactile hypersensitivity 6. Encourage FM & hand coordination skills 7. Encourage body awareness 8. Encourage development of directionality 9. Provide education & consultation 10. Maximize residual vision

OT in Peds (7 decks)

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