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D&T2 Exam 2 > childhood disorders- Egleton > Flashcards

childhood disorders- Egleton Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pharmacological treatment approach in ADHD

A

increase DA and NE signaling
retune these brain areas
“increase signal to noise ratio”

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2
Q

what is Methylphenidate’s brand name? what is it used to treat

A

Ritalin
ADHD
Narcolepsy

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3
Q

what is MOA for Methylphenidate

A

non-competitive inhibitor of both NE and dopamine reuptake

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4
Q

what are acute effects of Methylphenidate

A

increases attention, concentration, focus, talkativeness
decrease appetite
increase mood, elation, euphoria, self-confidence

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5
Q

how well is Methylphenidate absorbed

A

multiple forms available all well absorbed orally

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6
Q

what is the most abused drug on college campuses

A

Methylphenidate

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7
Q

what is the most common side effect of Methylphenidate

A

GI

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8
Q

What is Daytrana ? what is special about it

A

Methylphenidate product
Methylphenidate patch
for children 6-12 yrs

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9
Q

what is unique about Methylphenidate Concerta

A

oral osmotic delivery

12 hour duration of action

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10
Q

what is unique about Methylphenidate Metadate CD

A

biphasic release

provides efficacy “throughout the day”

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11
Q

what is unique about Methylphenidate Focalin

A

D-isomer

prescribed at 1/2 of usual dose

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12
Q

what is the mechanism of action for Amphetamines at low, moderate, and higher doses

A

low: preferential action on NE release
moderate: NE and DA release
high: NE, DA, 5-HT release

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13
Q

what is Amphetamines used to treat

A

ADHD

narcolepsy

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14
Q

compare and contrast the side effects of Methylphenidate and Amphetamines

A

amphetamines have more side effects

high abuse potential

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15
Q

what are acute side effects of amphetamines

A

increase attention, concentration, focus, talkativeness
decrease appetite
increase mood, elation, euphoria, self confidence

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16
Q

What is the most common side effect of Amphetamines

A

GI

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17
Q

Who should not be given Amphetamines

A

Cardiovascular disease CV

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18
Q

what is the mixed amphetamine salt

A

Adderall

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19
Q

Single amphetamine salt

A

Dextroamphatamine

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20
Q

what is the prodrug of dextroamphetamine

A

Lisdexamfetamine

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21
Q

MOA for Atomoxetine

A

selective NE re-uptake inhibitor

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22
Q

What is Atomoxetine used for

A

ADHD

23
Q

what age group is Atomoxetine used in and why

A

treatment of kids greater than 6 yrs, adolescents, and adults
non-stimulant–> no abuse potential

24
Q

Atomoxetine should not be prescribed to who

A

CV disease

25
Q

Name 2 alpha2a adernergic agonists

A

Clonidine

Guanfacine

26
Q

What type of patients get prescribed Clonodine and Guanfacine

A

history of CV disease

27
Q

when are alpha2a adrenergic agonists used to treat ADHD? what is it good at reducing

A

2nd line

good for reducing aggression

28
Q

Oppositional defiance disorder and conduct disorder may have cortical problems where in the brain

A

regulating limbic function

29
Q

When is pharmacological treatments used for Oppositional defiance disorder and conduct disorder

A

if aggression becomes an issue

30
Q

what are 3 pharmacological categories for treating Oppositional defiance disorder and conduct disorder

A

ADHD medication
mood stabilizers
atypical antipsychotics

31
Q

Lithium and sodium valproate are what type of drugs

A

mood stabilizers

32
Q

Risperidone and Aripiprazole are what type of drug

A

atypical antipsychoitcs

33
Q

Oppositional defiance disorder and conduct disorder use ADHD medications but what dose do they need

A

higher doses of stimulants compared to ADHD

34
Q

Oppositional defiance disorder and conduct disorder: lithium is good for controlling what

A

aggression

35
Q

what is the down for using atpyicals for treating Oppositional defiance disorder and conduct disorder

A

huge side effect profile

36
Q

when are pharmacological interventions used for autism spectrum disorder

A

when they need to treat the symptoms

37
Q

for autism spectrum disorder, inattention and hyperactivity can be linked to what other social disorders? treatemtn?

A

ADHD

anxiety: SSRI, Buspirone

38
Q

what drugs are used to treat disruptive behavior for Autism spectrum disorders ASD

A 
Risperiodne
other atypicals
alpha 2- adrenergic agonists 
mood stabilizers
antieplieptics 
SSRI
39
Q

What drugs are used to treat repetitive behavior rigidity in autism spectrum disorder

A

Fluoxetine ( SSRI)
Clomipramine (TCA)
Risperidone

40
Q

What drugs are used to treat sleep problems in autism spectrum disorder

A

Melatonin
Risperidone
SSRI

41
Q

Tourette’s is most likely due to what problems in what part of the brain

A

disinhibition in cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical loops

overly active caudate nucleus

42
Q

Tourette’s patients have an increase of what in the brain

A

increased presynaptic dopamine receptors and transporters

increase uptake and release of dopamine

43
Q

what are 3 main categories for treating tics in Tourette’s

A 
atypical antipsychoitcs ( D2 antagonists) 
dopamine vesicle reuptake inhibitors 
Botox
44
Q

Tetrabenazine ( VMAT2 inhibitor) what type of drug is this and MOA

A

dopamine vesicle reuptake inhibitor ( tourette’s)

reduces levels of dopamine released during action potential

45
Q

low dose ropinirole

A

of dompaine agonist in Tourette’s

46
Q

focal motor and vocal tics get treated with what

A

botox

47
Q

Fluphenazine and Pimozide are type of drug

A

atypical antipscychotics

48
Q

what is used to treat behavioral symptoms of tourette’s

A

Alpha2- agonists: Clonodine and Gaunfacine

SSRI:

49
Q

when are drugs given to a patient with Enuresis

A

if behavioral approaches have failed

50
Q

What is Desmopressin DDAVP used for

A

nocturnal polyuria with normal functional bladder capacity

51
Q

When is Desmopressin administered ? what is a downfall of this drug

A

oral adminstrater late evening 1 hour before bedtime

expensive!

52
Q

when should one discontinue the use of Desmopressin

A

electrolyte imbalance

53
Q

what drug is used as a 3rd or 4th option for Enuresis

A

Imipramine

54
Q

when is Imipramine administered

A

late evening 1 hour before bedtime

D&T2 Exam 2 (14 decks)

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