childhood disorders- Egleton Flashcards by Bina Malapur

what is the pharmacological treatment approach in ADHD

increase DA and NE signaling
retune these brain areas
“increase signal to noise ratio”

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what is Methylphenidate’s brand name? what is it used to treat

Ritalin
ADHD
Narcolepsy

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what is MOA for Methylphenidate

non-competitive inhibitor of both NE and dopamine reuptake

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what are acute effects of Methylphenidate

increases attention, concentration, focus, talkativeness
decrease appetite
increase mood, elation, euphoria, self-confidence

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how well is Methylphenidate absorbed

multiple forms available all well absorbed orally

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what is the most abused drug on college campuses

Methylphenidate

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what is the most common side effect of Methylphenidate

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What is Daytrana ? what is special about it

Methylphenidate product
Methylphenidate patch
for children 6-12 yrs

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what is unique about Methylphenidate Concerta

oral osmotic delivery

12 hour duration of action

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what is unique about Methylphenidate Metadate CD

biphasic release

provides efficacy “throughout the day”

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what is unique about Methylphenidate Focalin

D-isomer

prescribed at 1/2 of usual dose

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what is the mechanism of action for Amphetamines at low, moderate, and higher doses

low: preferential action on NE release
moderate: NE and DA release
high: NE, DA, 5-HT release

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what is Amphetamines used to treat

ADHD

narcolepsy

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compare and contrast the side effects of Methylphenidate and Amphetamines

amphetamines have more side effects

high abuse potential

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what are acute side effects of amphetamines

increase attention, concentration, focus, talkativeness
decrease appetite
increase mood, elation, euphoria, self confidence

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What is the most common side effect of Amphetamines

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Who should not be given Amphetamines

Cardiovascular disease CV

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what is the mixed amphetamine salt

Adderall

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Single amphetamine salt

Dextroamphatamine

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what is the prodrug of dextroamphetamine

Lisdexamfetamine

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MOA for Atomoxetine

selective NE re-uptake inhibitor

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What is Atomoxetine used for

ADHD

what age group is Atomoxetine used in and why

treatment of kids greater than 6 yrs, adolescents, and adults
non-stimulant–> no abuse potential

Atomoxetine should not be prescribed to who

CV disease

Name 2 alpha2a adernergic agonists

Clonidine | Guanfacine

What type of patients get prescribed Clonodine and Guanfacine

history of CV disease

when are alpha2a adrenergic agonists used to treat ADHD? what is it good at reducing

2nd line | good for reducing aggression

Oppositional defiance disorder and conduct disorder may have cortical problems where in the brain

regulating limbic function

When is pharmacological treatments used for Oppositional defiance disorder and conduct disorder

if aggression becomes an issue

what are 3 pharmacological categories for treating Oppositional defiance disorder and conduct disorder

ADHD medication mood stabilizers atypical antipsychotics

Lithium and sodium valproate are what type of drugs

mood stabilizers

Risperidone and Aripiprazole are what type of drug

atypical antipsychoitcs

Oppositional defiance disorder and conduct disorder use ADHD medications but what dose do they need

higher doses of stimulants compared to ADHD

Oppositional defiance disorder and conduct disorder: lithium is good for controlling what

aggression

what is the down for using atpyicals for treating Oppositional defiance disorder and conduct disorder

huge side effect profile

when are pharmacological interventions used for autism spectrum disorder

when they need to treat the symptoms

for autism spectrum disorder, inattention and hyperactivity can be linked to what other social disorders? treatemtn?

ADHD | anxiety: SSRI, Buspirone

what drugs are used to treat disruptive behavior for Autism spectrum disorders ASD

``` Risperiodne other atypicals alpha 2- adrenergic agonists mood stabilizers antieplieptics SSRI ```

What drugs are used to treat repetitive behavior rigidity in autism spectrum disorder

Fluoxetine ( SSRI) Clomipramine (TCA) Risperidone

What drugs are used to treat sleep problems in autism spectrum disorder

Melatonin Risperidone SSRI

Tourette's is most likely due to what problems in what part of the brain

disinhibition in cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical loops | overly active caudate nucleus

Tourette's patients have an increase of what in the brain

increased presynaptic dopamine receptors and transporters | increase uptake and release of dopamine

what are 3 main categories for treating tics in Tourette's

``` atypical antipsychoitcs ( D2 antagonists) dopamine vesicle reuptake inhibitors Botox ```

Tetrabenazine ( VMAT2 inhibitor) what type of drug is this and MOA

dopamine vesicle reuptake inhibitor ( tourette's) | reduces levels of dopamine released during action potential

low dose ropinirole

of dompaine agonist in Tourette's

focal motor and vocal tics get treated with what

botox

Fluphenazine and Pimozide are type of drug

atypical antipscychotics

what is used to treat behavioral symptoms of tourette's

Alpha2- agonists: Clonodine and Gaunfacine | SSRI:

when are drugs given to a patient with Enuresis

if behavioral approaches have failed

What is Desmopressin DDAVP used for

nocturnal polyuria with normal functional bladder capacity

When is Desmopressin administered ? what is a downfall of this drug

oral adminstrater late evening 1 hour before bedtime | expensive!

when should one discontinue the use of Desmopressin

electrolyte imbalance

what drug is used as a 3rd or 4th option for Enuresis

Imipramine

when is Imipramine administered

late evening 1 hour before bedtime