childhood disorders Flashcards
major neurotransmitters involved in ADHD?
dopamine and norepinephrine
what do preschoolers with ADHD look like?
temper tantrums, aggressive and fearless behavior, accidental injury, noncompliance, sleep disturbance
what do school-aged kids with ADHD look like?
cognitively effortful work is very difficult, difficulty in peer relationships, noncompliant behavior, high levels of disorganization, poorly organized approaches to school and work, failure to complete independent academic work, risky behavior, internal sense of restlessness in adulthood
basics of ADHD treatment
parent training & behavioral management
medications
disruptive behavior disorders (2)
oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD)
ODD description
pattern of defiant/ oppositional behavior, angry/ irritable mood, argumentative, or vindictiveness
ODD symptoms
often losing temper, often arguing with authority figures, actively defying rules
social cognitive defects of ODD
cannot generate multiple plausible solutions to problems, attribute hostile intent to others resulting in aggressive behavior, beliefs/ attitudes favorable to verbal and physical aggression
treatment for ODD
parent training and behavioral management
conduct disorder
pattern of behavior including things like aggression to people or animals, destruction of property, lying, theft, and other serious violations of rules
what can happen if ODD goes untreated?
can progress to CD
what are parents of kids with ODD and CD like?
More violent disciplinary techniques, criticism, permissiveness, reinforcement of inappropriate behaviors
Less supervision/ monitoring of child’s behavior
encopresis
repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places, whether involuntary or voluntary; at least one event a month for three months in someone 4 years or older
what is often the cause/ part of the issue for encopresis?
constipation
separation anxiety disorder
anxiety or fear must cause distress or affect social, academic, or job functioning and must last at least 4 weeks
Common to have physical symptoms in anticipation of separation event – headaches, stomachaches, nausea, vomiting
how to distinguish separation anxiety disorder from GAD in kids?
in SAD, anxiety will disappear once reunited with caregiver
in GAD, anxiety will continue even with them present
trauma and stress related disorders (2)
reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder
reactive attachment disorder
A consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward the adult caregiver; child rarely seeks comfort when distressed; child rarely responds to comfort when distressed
how do trauma and stress-related disorders come about?
Child will have experienced a pattern of insufficient care at some point; common in international adoptions or kids going through multiple foster homes
disinhibited social engagement disorder
A pattern of behavior in which a child actively approaches and interacts with unfamiliar adults; usually willing to go off with strangers and do not check back with adult caregivers
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)
Severe recurrent temper outbursts manifested verbally and/or behaviorally that are grossly out of proportion in intensity or duration to the situation
Mood between tantrums is persistently irritable or angry most of the day
what is the most common psychiatric condition in children?
anxiety disorders
what is a major predictor of anxiety in children?
parents with anxiety or who exhibit anxiety symptoms (20-25% of diagnosed kids of anxious parents)
what gene has been linked to anxiety disorders?
short allele of serotonin transporter gene – decreases function
