Childhood Disability Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 things can disability be associated with?

A

Limited development and social participation
Poorer educational, health and employment outcomes
Pain and sometimes disease

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2
Q

What’s the medical model of child disability?

A

Disability is something intrinsic to the child

Restrictions and due to child’s physical or cognitive impairments

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3
Q

How does the focus of change differ between the medical and social models of disability?

A

Medical model focuses on changing/curing individual with the deficit - medical professional role is central to treatment

Social model says society needs to change as disability is extrinsic, resulting from physical barriers in the way society is organised - requires social-political response

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4
Q

What is it thought that child disability results from?

A

Interaction between individuals impairments with context in which they live - physical, social and attitudinal barriers

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5
Q

What’s the difference between impairment and disability?

A

Impairment = bodily, mental or intellectual limitation or condition

Disability is a loss of/limitation of opportunities to take part in society equally

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6
Q

What are best types of study affecting prevalence?

A
Cross-sectional surveys
Administrative sources (registers)
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7
Q

What are best types of study for assessing risk factor data?

A

Cross-sectional surveys
Cohort studies of whole populations
Case-control studies

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8
Q

Why is it thought that prevalence of ADHD and Autism are rising?

A

Increased recognition and diagnostic practices

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9
Q

What are common risk factors for childhood disability?

A
Pregnancy outcomes eg low birthweight and prematurity
Age
Sex
Ethnicity
Social-economic disadvantage
Parental behaviours
Communicable diseases
Unintentional injuries
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10
Q

What’s the difference in sex in childhood disability?

A

Prevalence is higher in boys in early years

Neurodevelopmental disabilities more common in boys

Maybe associated with genetic differences/under identification in girls

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11
Q

What ethnicity are at an increased risk of childhood disability?

A

Children of mixed ethnicity and African/Caribbean origin

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12
Q

What 3 types of disability are greater in lower socioeconomic groups?

A

Intellectual disability
Cerebral palsy
Activity limiting asthma

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13
Q

What parental behaviours are associated with childhood disability?

A

Maternal smoking associated with low birth weight, preterm birth and Autism

Alcohol consumption associated with lower educational outcomes

Unsupportive parenting linked with intellectual disabilities/conduct disorders

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14
Q

What communicable diseases are risk factors for child disability?

A

Rubella (acquired during pregnancy)
Measles and mumps
Un-immunised children

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15
Q

What are the Leavell and Clark 3 levels of disease prevention?

A

Primary prevention = pre-disease

Secondary prevention = early stage of disease preventing progression

Tertiary prevention = irreversible symptomatic disease, managed to preventing further deterioration/maximise QoL

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16
Q

What are some primary prevention strategies for childhood disability?

A

Reduce socioeconomic disadvantage
Improve material environments
Reduce exposure to environmental hazards
Reduce exposure to parental environmental tobacco
Promote safe alcohol consumption during pregnancy
Ensure adequate dietary intake of key nutrients including folic acid and other vitamins
Achieve population coverage of immunisation against common communicable diseases

17
Q

What are secondary prevention programmes for childhood disability?

A

Screening programmes: antenatal and newborn (sickle cell, thalassaemia, developmental dysplasia, hearing, hep B, HIV, syphilis)

NHS foetal abnormality screening programme, newborn blood spot screening programme, newborn hearing programme, infectious diseases in pregnancy screening

18
Q

What’s tertiary prevention for childhood disability?

A

Improve and maintain quality of life

Tailored medical care, physiotherapy, speech therapy, early development play groups, personal carers, disability payments