Childhood Disability Flashcards
What 3 things can disability be associated with?
Limited development and social participation
Poorer educational, health and employment outcomes
Pain and sometimes disease
What’s the medical model of child disability?
Disability is something intrinsic to the child
Restrictions and due to child’s physical or cognitive impairments
How does the focus of change differ between the medical and social models of disability?
Medical model focuses on changing/curing individual with the deficit - medical professional role is central to treatment
Social model says society needs to change as disability is extrinsic, resulting from physical barriers in the way society is organised - requires social-political response
What is it thought that child disability results from?
Interaction between individuals impairments with context in which they live - physical, social and attitudinal barriers
What’s the difference between impairment and disability?
Impairment = bodily, mental or intellectual limitation or condition
Disability is a loss of/limitation of opportunities to take part in society equally
What are best types of study affecting prevalence?
Cross-sectional surveys Administrative sources (registers)
What are best types of study for assessing risk factor data?
Cross-sectional surveys
Cohort studies of whole populations
Case-control studies
Why is it thought that prevalence of ADHD and Autism are rising?
Increased recognition and diagnostic practices
What are common risk factors for childhood disability?
Pregnancy outcomes eg low birthweight and prematurity Age Sex Ethnicity Social-economic disadvantage Parental behaviours Communicable diseases Unintentional injuries
What’s the difference in sex in childhood disability?
Prevalence is higher in boys in early years
Neurodevelopmental disabilities more common in boys
Maybe associated with genetic differences/under identification in girls
What ethnicity are at an increased risk of childhood disability?
Children of mixed ethnicity and African/Caribbean origin
What 3 types of disability are greater in lower socioeconomic groups?
Intellectual disability
Cerebral palsy
Activity limiting asthma
What parental behaviours are associated with childhood disability?
Maternal smoking associated with low birth weight, preterm birth and Autism
Alcohol consumption associated with lower educational outcomes
Unsupportive parenting linked with intellectual disabilities/conduct disorders
What communicable diseases are risk factors for child disability?
Rubella (acquired during pregnancy)
Measles and mumps
Un-immunised children
What are the Leavell and Clark 3 levels of disease prevention?
Primary prevention = pre-disease
Secondary prevention = early stage of disease preventing progression
Tertiary prevention = irreversible symptomatic disease, managed to preventing further deterioration/maximise QoL
What are some primary prevention strategies for childhood disability?
Reduce socioeconomic disadvantage
Improve material environments
Reduce exposure to environmental hazards
Reduce exposure to parental environmental tobacco
Promote safe alcohol consumption during pregnancy
Ensure adequate dietary intake of key nutrients including folic acid and other vitamins
Achieve population coverage of immunisation against common communicable diseases
What are secondary prevention programmes for childhood disability?
Screening programmes: antenatal and newborn (sickle cell, thalassaemia, developmental dysplasia, hearing, hep B, HIV, syphilis)
NHS foetal abnormality screening programme, newborn blood spot screening programme, newborn hearing programme, infectious diseases in pregnancy screening
What’s tertiary prevention for childhood disability?
Improve and maintain quality of life
Tailored medical care, physiotherapy, speech therapy, early development play groups, personal carers, disability payments
