childhood conditions Flashcards
what are the symptoms of colic?
excessive high pitched crying difficult to comfort red in face clenched fists knees drawn up to stomach trouble passing stools excessive gas
when would you need to refer a child with colic?
inconsolable crying
failure to gain weight
what OTC product would you recommend for a child with colic?
- infacol eg
something with simeticone [simethicone] - lactase enzyme
what are the symptoms of cradle cap?
greasy yellow scales on scalp
when do you refer an infant with cradle cap?
- severe, cradle cap on face/body
- swelling, scratching, bleeding
- infected/inflamed
what products do you recommend to someone with an infant with cradle cap?
- baby shampoo and use soft brush daily
- rubbing olive oil onto scalp
- capasal shampoo/nizoral dandruff shampoo
what are the symptoms of meningitis?
- non blanching rash
- flu like symptoms
- high fever
- muscle ache
- stiff neck
- cold hands and feet
- photophobia
- seizures
what are the symptoms of meningitis in INFANTS?
- floppiness/unresponsive
- refuse feeds
- difficult to wake up
- rapid breathing
- unusual cry
when do you refer someone with meningitis?
all cases must be referred
what is the treatment for viral meningitis?
what is the treatment for bacterial meningitis?
viral: does not need hospital treatment, use pain relief
bacterial: life threatening go to hospital
give symptoms of measles?
koplik spots conjuctivitis cold like symptoms/fever rash that starts behind ears and spreads to face red brown blotchy rash
give symptoms of mumps
fever headache malaise
swelling on one side of face or on both sides
give symptoms of rubella
rash that starts on the face and spreads
pink-red macular rash
when do you refer a pt with MMR [measles, mumps, rubella]
all cases must be referred
how long do you keep children away from school if they have measles?
how long for mumps?
rubella?
measles: for 4 days after rash appears
mumps: for 5 days after swelling appears
rubella: for 6 days after rash appears
what are the symptoms of nappy rash?
what are the symptoms of fungal nappy rash?
rash on bum
fungal: small red spots on outer edge of rash. rash in skin folds
when would you refer an infant with nappy rash?
broken severe nappy rash
yellow crust/weeping
otc has not worked after 1 week
what OTC products would you recommend for nappy rash?
barrier preparations - sudacrem
antifungal preparations: clotrimazole, miconazole apply for 7 days after clearing to prevent it returning
what is some advice you would give to someone about nappy rash?
change nappies often, leave nappies off to allow skin to air dry, avoid water proof nappies, wash nappy area properly
what are the symptoms of oral thrush?
white patches on tongue and inside mouth that cannot be scraped off
when would you refer oral thrush?
refer when its recurrent infection
otc failure of more than 1 week
refer all except babies and children bc it is common in them
what otc products would you give for oral thrush and the age requirement for them?
what is the dosage regimen for this product
4 months and over: miconazole gel. apply 4 times a day after meals. continue for at least 1 week after symptoms disappear.
what are the symptoms of slapped cheek [parvovirus]?
bright red rash on cheeks
light pink/lace-like, itchy rash on trunk and limbs
cold like symptoms
when would you refer someone with slapped cheek?
when they have any blood disorders
when they are showing symptoms of anaemia [fainting, SOB, pale skin, tiredness]
what OTC products can you give for slapped cheek?
paracetamol/ibuprofen
antihistamines if itchy
what are the symptoms of whooping cough?
initial symptoms: runny nose, watery eyes, sore throat, fever
intense coughing that sounds like a whoop. coughing at night, bringing up thick mucus and vomit
when would you refer a pt with whooping cough?
all cases must be referred
what is the treatment for whooping cough?
antibiotic is given if cough present for less than 3 weeks.
for the fever give analgesics
is whooping cough contagious? for how long would you advice the child to stay away from school?
for 5 days after starting antibiotics or 3 weeks after coughing started
what are the symptoms of chicken pox?
small red spots turns into very itchy and infectious blisters which turn into crusts
smalll red spots appear on chest first then spread
3 days before spots: fever/headache/sore throat
who do you refer someone with chicken pox?
adults
pregnant women
ppl with weak immune system
infants under 4 weeks old
what OTC products could you give for chicken pox?
calamine lotion, crotamiton, and chlorphenamine [if older than 1 yo] for itching
simple analgesics for fever
which analgesic do you avoid in chicken pox and why?
ibuprofen bc can cause serious skin reaction
what advice do you give to someone with chicken pox?
don’t scratch the lesions: cut nails short and clean them
very contagious. it is infectious until lesions have crusted over
when would you refer a child under 3 months with a fever?
if the temp is 38 or over
- if dehydrated, convulsions, serious signs of floppiness, drowsiness, persistent vomiting, rash
when would you refer a child aged 3-6 months with a fever?
if temp is 39 degrees or over
when would you refer a child over 6 months with a fever?
if it has been more than 3 days
what is the dose of paracetamol post immunisation for children?
60mg up to 4 times a day
what is the dose of ibuprofen post immunisation for children?
50mg dose followed by another 50mg dose after 6-8 hours if required
what are the symptoms of impetigo?
golden crust lesions
what are the 2 types of impetigo and describe each one?
non-bullous impetigo: small red sores around nose and mouth that can turn into blisters and burst. can be itchy
bullous impetigo: fluid filled blisters on arms/legs. spreads and then bursts. can be painful and itchy. fever and swollen glands
when do you refer someone with impetigo?
all must be referred for antibiotics
what are the advice you would give to someone with impetigo?
contagious so stay away from school until rash goes away and give hygiene advice
what are the symptoms of scarlet fever?
pink red, itchy ‘sandpaper’ rash
sore throat/heachache/febver/flushed cheek/swollen tongue
strawberry tongue
when do you refer someone with scarlet fever?
refer all bc needs antibiotics
what is the treatment for scarlet fever and duration of treatment?
amoxicillin for 10 days
for how long should children with scarlet fever stay off school for?
for at least 24 hours after starting antibiotic
